Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and fathers in full-study sample by employment status.
| Fathers | Mothers | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| Full time | Part time | Not employed | P | Full time | Part time | Not employed | P | |
| Total %(n) | 63.6 (752) | 11.2 (133) | 25.2 (298) | 45.6 (945) | 17.8 (368) | 36.7 (760) | ||
| Relationship status | ||||||||
| Married/committed relationship | 91.5 (688) | 85.0 (113) | 78.9 (235) | 64.8 (612) | 59.2 (218) | 59.1 (449) | ||
| Divorced/widowed/single | 8.5 (64) | 15.0 (20) | 21.1 (63) | <0.001 | 35.2 (333) | 40.8 (150) | 40.9 (311) | 0.03 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 38.2 (287) | 18.8 (25) | 15.1 (45) | 37.4 (353) | 32.9 (121) | 17.1 (130) | ||
| African American/black | 16.0 (120) | 24.8 (33) | 27.2 (81) | 24.6 (232) | 30.4 (112) | 31.5 (239) | ||
| Hispanic | 22.9 (172) | 31.6 (33) | 9.7(29) | 17.4 (164) | 22.0 (81) | 14.9 (113) | ||
| Asian | 19.8 (149) | 19.5 (42) | 42.0 (125) | 16.9 (160) | 10.3 (38) | 28.2 (214) | ||
| Mixed/other | 3.2 (149) | 5.3 (7) | 6.0 (18) | <0.001 | 3.8 (36) | 4.4 (121) | 8.4 (64) | <0.001 |
| Household income | ||||||||
| <$20,000 | 13.0 (95) | 43.8 (56) | 50.5 (144) | 16.3 (151) | 43.7 (156) | 62.2 (446) | ||
| $20,000–$34,999 | 21.1 (155) | 19.5 (25) | 24.6 (70) | 26.3 (243) | 21.3 (76) | 19.1 (137) | ||
| $35,000–$49,999 | 20.7 (152) | 15.6 (20) | 10.2 (29) | 20.6 (190) | 12.3 (44) | 10.7 (77) | ||
| $50,000–$74,999 | 18.1 (133) | 14.8 (19) | 7.7 (19) | 18.0 (166) | 10.6 (38) | 4.7 (34) | ||
| >$75,000 | 27.2 (200) | 6.3 (8) | 8.1 (23) | <0.001 | 18.8 (174) | 12.0 (43) | 3.2 (23) | <0.001 |
| Education | ||||||||
| Did not complete high school | 21.4 (161) | 33.8 (45) | 46.0 (137) | 19.6 (185) | 26.9 (99) | 48.3 (367) | ||
| Completed high school | 23.0 (173) | 22.6 (30) | 20.8 (62) | 19.9 (188) | 21.7 (80) | 21.5 (163) | ||
| Some college | 27.7 (208) | 21.1 (28) | 21.5 (64) | 30.0 (283) | 27.5 (101) | 21.1 (160) | ||
| Completed college | 27.9 (210) | 22.6 (30) | 11.7 (35) | <0.001 | 30.6 (289) | 23.9 (88) | 9.2 (70) | <0.001 |
| Primary language spoken in home | ||||||||
| English | 56.5 (424) | 43.6 (58) | 48.0 (142) | 64.6 (610) | 61.1 (225) | 50.3 (381) | ||
| Language other than English | 15.1 (113) | 16.3 (35) | 15.2 (45) | 12.0 (113) | 17.9 (66) | 17.6 (133) | ||
| Equally English and another language | 28.5 (214) | 30.1 (40) | 36.8 (109) | <0.001 | 23.4 (221) | 20.9 (77) | 244 (32.2) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) age | 43.9 (7.6) 0.02 | 43.3 (8.2) | 45.4 (10.9) | 0.02 | 41.5 (7.3) | 40.6 (7.9) | 41.5(8.8) | 0.15 |
| Number of children in household | 2.7 (1.6) | 3.3 (2.1) | 3.2 (2.0) | <0.001 | 2.5 (1.6) | 2.6 (1.5) | 3.3 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) work-family stress (range: 1–12) | 7.3 (2.4) 0.06 | 6.8 (2.1) | 0.06 | 7.3 (2.4) | 6.5 (2.2) | <0.001 | ||