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. 2013 Jan 7;110(Suppl 1):3665–3672. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1107484110

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

A conceptual model of the functioning of the Earth system in time scales of decades to centuries where human forces have become prominent (if not dominant) (11).This figure was an important driving force for the conceptualization of subsequent Earth system research programs that are identified (World Climate Research Programme, IHDP, and IGBP) in this simplified version of the Bretherton Diagram from the National Center for Atmospheric Research.