Figure 4.

Thin plate splines showing extremely subtle shape variation as described by the two relative warps (RW5 and RW8) that influenced the paternity success of Gingin males. Consensus shapes, following geometric morphometric analysis, are shown in the center images, alongside a comparison of how extreme negative values (left images) and extreme positive values (right images) of relative warps cause extremely subtle conformational changes in shape, as highlighted by the arrows. Landmark positions have been “joined” using straight lines to show the shapes clearly.