Table 2.

ANOVA results for the effects of Population, Generation, Parent(Population), and Population*Generation for CV1, CV2, and traditional length measurements

	Source	df	SS	MS	F	P-value
CV1	Population	2	0.00129179	0.00064590	52.38	<.0001
	Parent(Population)	57	0.00071685	0.00001303	1.06	0.4190
	Generation	1	0.00388179	0.00388179	314.80	<.0001
	Population*Generation	2	0.00044691	0.00022345	18.12	<.0001
	Error	57	0.00067820	0.00001233
CV2	Population	2	0.00049401	0.00024700	28.38	<.0001
	Parent(Population)	57	0.00038994	0.00000709	0.81	0.7754
	Generation	1	0.00000894	0.00000894	1.03	0.3152
	Population*Generation	2	0.00046122	0.00023061	26.49	<.0001
	Error	57	0.00047875	0.00000870
Shell height	Population	2	11.61244275	5.80622137	37.11	<.0001
	Parent(Population)	57	6.78707813	0.12340142	0.79	0.8094
	Generation	1	6.28066251	6.28066251	40.14	<.0001
	Population*Generation	2	3.19299183	1.59649592	10.20	0.0002
	Error	57	8.60625535	0.15647737
Aperture width	Population	2	0.94797801	0.47398900	42.38	<.0001
	Parent(Population)	57	0.28761938	0.00522944	0.47	0.9972
	Generation	1	0.72694551	0.72694551	64.99	<.0001
	Population*Generation	2	0.26109001	0.13054500	11.67	<.0001
	Error	57	0.61519694	0.01118540
Aperture height	Population	2	0.84293996	0.42146998	36.58	<.0001
	Parent(Population)	57	0.56082157	0.01019676	0.88	0.6740
	Generation	1	0.29803574	0.29803574	25.87	<.0001
	Population*Generation	2	0.60167300	0.30083650	26.11	<.0001
	Error	57	0.63370891	0.01152198
Upper body whorl width	Population	2	2.23038632	1.11519316	50.42	<.0001
	Parent(Population)	57	0.85622523	0.01556773	0.70	0.9020
	Generation	1	0.90572389	0.90572389	40.95	<.0001
	Population*Generation	2	0.84636116	0.42318058	19.13	<.0001
	Error	57	1.21644729	0.02211722
Lower body whorl width	Population	2	1.36487791	0.68243896	44.07	<.0001
	Parent(Population)	57	0.76428557	0.01389610	0.90	0.6552
	Generation	1	0.51271934	0.51271934	33.11	<.0001
	Population*Generation	2	0.81835942	0.40917971	26.42	<.0001
	Error	57	0.85166221	0.01548477

The effect of parental lineages nested within populations is not significant for any shell shape traits suggesting that any maternal effects on F₁ shell morphology are negligible. The F₁ generation was smaller than their ancestral parental generation. However, significant among-population differences were maintained in the F₁ lineages as indicated by the significant effect of population in all shell shape measurements.