Table 1.
Characteristics of the Cohort Overall and by Race at Baseline
| Range | White | Black | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 232 | 104 | |
| Study Site | |||
| Chicago, N (%) | 117 (50.4) | 67 (64.4)** | |
| Pittsburgh, N (%) | 115 (49.6) | 37 (35.6) | |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 48–58 | 50.9 (2.7) | 50.6 (2.7) |
| Time between scans, years, mean (SD) | 0.9–4.3 | 2.3 (0.5) | 2.3 (0.4) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 18.5–50.7 | 27.9 (5.7) | 31.3 (6.9)**** |
| SBP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 86–183 | 114.4 (13.3) | 124.3 (16.1)**** |
| DBP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 50–110 | 73.6 (9.2) | 78.9 (9.2)**** |
| BP medication use, N (%) | 1=present | 25 (10.8) | 23 (22.1)*** |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 39–589 | 118.1 (64.7) | 104.2 (58.0)* |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 24–122 | 58.5 (14.4) | 56.6 (12.5) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 48–244 | 117.3 (31.4) | 119.4 (35.5) |
| Statin a use, N (%) | 1=present | 12 (5.2) | 5 (4.8) |
| Current Smoker, N (%) | 1=present | 33 (14.2) | 16 (15.4) |
| Education | ** | ||
| ≤ High School, N (%) | 35 (15.1) | 20 (19.2) | |
| Some College, N (%) | 63 (27.2) | 39 (37.5) | |
| ≥ College, N (%) | 134 (57.7) | 45 (43.3) | |
| Menopausal Status | |||
| Hormone Therapy use, N (%) | 1=present | 31 (13.4) | 8 (7.7) |
| Pre-/Early Peri-menopausal, N (%) | 1=present | 136 (58.6) | 59 (56.7) |
| Low Social Support, N (%) | 1=present | 35 (15.1) | 34 (32.7)**** |
| Depressive Symptoms ≥ 16, N (%) | 1=present | 31 (13.4) | 7 (6.8)* |
| Calcium Score at baseline, mean (SD) | 0–311.5 | 12.9 (44.7) | 8.4 (15.4) |
| CAC at baseline, N (%) | |||
| 0 | 142 (61.2) | 47 (45.2)*** | |
| >0,<10 | 53 (22.8) | 27 (26.0) | |
| ≥10,<100 | 30 (12.9) | 29 (27.9) | |
| 100+ | 7 (3.0) | 1 (1.0) | |
| CAC Progression b, N (%) | 1=present | 42 (18.1) | 19 (18.3) |
| Employed, N (%) | 1=present | 201 (87.0) | 91 (88.4) |
| Relationship, N (%) | 1=present | 208 (89.6) | 73 (70.2)**** |
| Mother, N (%) | 1=present | 200 (86.6) | 92 (88.5) |
| Caregiver, N (%) | 1=present | 35 (15.2) | 13 (12.6) |
| Number of roles occupied, mean (SD) | 1–4 | 2.8 (0.7) | 2.6 (0.7)* |
a
cholesterol lowering medication
b
Δ CAC ≥ 10 Agatston units
****
p<0.001,
***
p<0.01,
**
p<0.05,
*
<0.10
Continuous variables were compared with unequal variances t-tests, proportions were compared with chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact tests in case of small cell sizes.