Table 4.

Categorization accuracy for humans and models. Notes: For human data, accuracy is calculated across trials and averaged across subjects. For visual search and coarse structure data, pair-wise similarity relations between images were projected into two-dimensional space using multidimensional scaling, and a linear classifier was trained on these coordinates. For each object the predicted category was obtained by training the classifier on all other objects. For aspect ratio data, the aspect ratio of each image was used as input to the linear classifier (the multidimensional scaling is redundant since its output will be identical to the input).

Task	Item type	Human accuracy (%)	Classifier accuracy using visual search (%)	Classifier accuracy using coarse footprint (%)	Classifier accuracy using aspect ratio (%)
Animal	All items	95	92	89	63
	Category	95	92	83	66
	Noncategory	95	92	96	58
Animals with three-dimensional views	All items	98	94	83	50
	Animals	98	100	83	41
	Nonanimals	98	88	83	58
Vehicles	All items	93	88	81	63
	Vehicles	95	92	83	66
	Nonvehicles	92	83	79	58
Tools	All items	93	79	88	63
	Tools	93	83	83	54
	Nontools	94	75	92	71