Figure 5. The effects of TIPE2 on phenotypic switching, migration and proliferation of cultured VSMCs are dependent on ERK and P38 signaling pathways. (A) TIPE2 can inhibit the activation of ERK1/2 and P38 pathways. (B–D) The effects of TIPE2 on phenotypic switching, cell migration and proliferation of VSMCs are ERK1/2 and P38 dependent. Data are means ± SEM of one representative result obtained from three independent experiments. ***p < 0.001.