. 2012 Jun 22;53(1):3–10. doi: 10.1007/s12088-012-0287-6

Table 1.

Integration of dark- and photo-fermentative bacteria in a sequential two stage hydrogen production from biowastes

Organisms		Substrate (concentration: g/l)	Process parameters (in dark/light phase)					H₂ yield (mol/mol hexose)	Reference
Dark-fermentative	Photo-fermentative	Substrate (concentration: g/l)	Reactor capacity (l)	pH	Temp. (°C)	IP^c (days)	Culture mode	H₂ yield (mol/mol hexose)	Reference
Activated sludge	Rhodobacter sphaeroides	Wheat starch (20.0)	0.31/0.31	6.8/7.1	37/30	3/8	Batch/Batch	4.55	[20]
	Mixed strains (R. sphaeroides)	Wheat starch (20.0)	0.31/0.31	6.8/7.5	37/30	–^d/14	Batch/Batch	3.81	[53]
	Rhodopseudomonas palustris	Cassava starch (10.0)	0.30/0.30	7.0/7.0	35/30	6/5	Batch/Batch	2.86^h	[52]
	Mixed PSB^a	Rice straw (50.0)	0.30/0.10	6.5/7.0	35/30	1/–	Batch/Batch	5.18	[54]
	Mixed PSB^a	Cassava starch (10.4)	0.30/0.10	6.3/7.0	31/30	3/8	Batch/Batch	6.07	[34]
Cattle dung compost	R. sphaeroides	Cassava starch (18.0)	0.038/0.038	6.8/7.0	37/30	4/8	Batch/Batch	6.51	[38]
Cattle dung compost	R. sphaeroides	Food waste (20.0)	0.038/0.038	6.8/7.0	37/30	4/8	Batch/Batch	5.40	[38]
Dairy manure microflora	R. sphaeroides	Corncob (Sugar, 10.0)	0.60–25/0.32	7.0/7.0	36/35	–/12	Batch and CSTR^e/Batch	6.59	[43]
Mixed culture	R. palustris	Cheese whey (COD, 30.0)	1.0/0.25	7.5/6.9	55/31	–/21	CSTR (HRT^f–24h)/Batch	5.00^h	[55]
	R. palustris	Water hyacinth (10.0)	0.30/0.30	7.0/7.0	35/30	2–5/11	Batch/Batch	7.15	[33]
	Rhodobacter capsulatus	Potato starch (50.0–100.0)	0.25/0.30	6.8/7.0	37/28	10–12/25	Batch/Batch	5.60	[56]
	R. capsulatus and R. sphaeroides	Starch (20.0)	0.50/100 cm³ (dimensions)	6.8/6.4	37/28	90/100	Batch^g/Batch^g	3.40–5.30	[47]
Clostridium butyricum	R. sphaeroides	Algal biomass (Starch, 5.0)	0.15/0.15	6.8/7.0	37/30	2/15	Batch/Batch	8.30	[31]
	R. palustris	Starch (17.0)	0.20/1.00	7.5/7.1	37/32	6–32/–	Batch/Batch and CSTR/CSTR (HRT–12/24h)	3.09	[37]
	Rhodobacter sp.	Starch (5.0)	TT^b/TT	7.0/6.5	30/30	–/–	Batch	3.60	[68]
C. butyricum and Enterobacter aerogenes	R. sphaeroides	Sweet potato starch (Starch, 5.0)	0.25/TT	5.3/7.5	37/35	10/30	Batch^g/Batch^g	7.00	[59]
C. butyricum and Enterobacter aerogenes	Rhodobacter sp.	Sweet potato starch (Starch, 10.0)	0.25/TT	5.3/7.5	37/35	13/30	Batch^g/Batch^g	6.70–7.20	[30]
Clostridium acetobutylicum and Escherichia coli	R. capsulatus	Date palm fruits and sucrose (5.0)	2.00/2.00	7.3/7.0	30/30	3/7	Batch/Batch	3.90	[58]
Thermotoga neapolitana	R. capsulatus	Miscanthus (Sugar, 10.0)	2.00/0.105	7.0/6.5	80/30	3/10	Batch/Batch	4.50^h	[57, 60]
Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus	R. capsulatus	Potato steam peels (Sugar, 15.0)	2.00/0.055	6.8/6.4	72/30	–/–	Batch/Batch	3.91	[51]
		Sugar beet molasses (Sucrose, 15.0)	1.00/0.055	6.9/6.6	72/30	3/12	Batch/Batch	5.70^h	[32, 46]
			1.00/0.055	6.9/6.7	72/30	3/7	Batch/Batch	6.85^h	[32]
			2.00/0.055	6.8/6.4	72/30	–/–	Batch/Batch	5.81	[51]
	R. capsulatus, R. palustris and R. sphaeroides	Potato steam peels (Sugar, 15.0)	2.0/0.055	6.4/6.4	72/30	–/6	Batch/Batch	2.87–3.39^h	[45]
Klebsiella oxytoca	R. palustris	Sugarcane bagasse (50.0)	0.14/0.14	7.0/7.0	37/30	–/–	Batch/Batch	4.14^h	[44]
Lactobacillus amylovorus	Rhodobium marinum	Algal biomass (Starch, 4.05)	0.07/0.07	7.0/6.5	30/30	6/6	Batch/Batch	5.40	[29]

^aPhoto synthetic bacteria

^bTest tube with dimension of 2.4 × 20 cm²

^cIncubation period

^dValues not given

^eContinuous stirred tank reactor

^fHydraulic retention time

^gBoth in batch and repeated batch cultures

^hValues converted from the original data