Figure 9. Hypothesized impedimetric concentration response map.

(1) At low nontoxic drug concentrations, the drug has no effect on cells, which results in unchanged LF and HF signal. (2) There is a drug concentration range where stimulatory effect takes place and reflects in higher impedance owing to the changes in the cellular structure and cell-cell interaction. (3) At toxic drug concentrations, there are two different circumstances that need to be taken into account. (3) At mild drug concentrations, the drug induces minor morphological changes while cell interior is intact, reflecting in lower LF with HF remaining the same. (4) At high inhibitory concentrations, the LF and HF signal drop sharply due to the substantial morphological changes and major cell damage.