Table 3. Results regarding the change of the cardiac responses of dogs depending on their behavioural reactivity during the threatening approach (repeated measures ANOVA).

	HR (N = 30)						HRV (N = 30)
	REACTIVE (N = 17)			NON-REACTIVE (N = 13)			REACTIVE (N = 17)			NON-REACTIVE (N = 13)
	F	df	P	F	df	P	F	df	P	F	df	P
Order (A or B)	0.12	1, 15	0.736	1.26	1, 11	0.286	0.19	1, 15	0.663	1.30	1, 11	0.278
Owner presence	0.11	1, 15	0.744	0.30	1, 11	0.594	2.27	1, 15	0.153	14.46	1, 11	0.003
Threatening encounter	18.31	2, 30	0.001	0.95	2, 22	0.403	11.13	2, 30	0.001	1.27	2, 22	0.301
Owner × Threatening	5.92	2, 30	0.007	2.47	2, 22	0.107	3.49	2, 30	0.043	6.72	2, 22	0.005
Owner × Order	0.59	1, 15	0.454	0.26	1, 11	0.619	1.05	1, 15	0.321	0.20	1, 11	0.661
Threatening × Order	0.31	2, 30	0.735	3.24	2, 22	0.059	0.95	2, 30	0.399	1.87	2, 22	0.177
Owner × Threatening × Order	4.37	2, 30	0.022	0.14	2, 22	0.875	3.13	2, 30	0.058	0.67	2, 22	0.520

Dogs that growled or barked during the threatening encounter were categorised as behaviourally reactive. Significant differences are marked in bold.