Table 5. Epidemiological characteristics of 42 men who have sex with men who tested hepatitis C RNA-positive, by phylogenetic cluster, Amsterdam, 2008–2009.
| Cluster I(N = 13) | Cluster II(N = 14) | Other(N = 15) | P 1 * | P 2† | ||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Recruitment location | 0.077 | 0.149 | ||||
| STI clinic | 13 (100.0%) | 11 (78.6%) | 14 (93.3%) | |||
| HIV clinic | 0 | 3 (21.4%) | 1 (6.7%) | |||
| Median age in years (IQR) | 47 (40–49) | 48 (44–52) | 44 (39–46) | 0.436 | 0.178 | |
| Ethnicity | 0.995 | 0.954 | ||||
| Dutch | 10 (76.9%) | 11 (78.6%) | 10 (66.7%) | |||
| Western, non-Dutch | 2 (15.4%) | 2 (14.3%) | 3 (20.0%) | |||
| Non-western | 1 (7.7%) | 1 (7.1%) | 2 (13.3%) | |||
| Subculture | ||||||
| Leather | 5 (38.5%) | 8 (57.1%) | 7 (46. 7%) | 0.332 | 0.621 | |
| Military | 1 (7.7%) | 4 (28.6%) | 5 (35.7%) | 0.163 | 0.248 | |
| Sport | 2 (15.4%) | 3 (21.4%) | 9 (60.0%) | 0.686 | 0.023 | |
| Rubber/lycra | 3 (23.1%) | 5 (35.7%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0.472 | 0.160 | |
| Jeans | 6 (46.2%) | 8 (57.1%) | 8 (53.3%) | 0.568 | 0.846 | |
| Sexual behavior | ||||||
| Median no. of partners in the preceding 6 months (IQR) | 25 (15–50) | 5.5 (1–25) | 8 (5–30) | 0.037 | 0.059 | |
| Receptive UAI | 11 (84.6%) | 10 (71.4%) | 10 (66.7%) | 0.410 | 0.543 | |
| Insertive UAI | 8 (61.5%) | 5 (35.7%) | 14 (93.3%) | 0.180 | 0.005 | |
| Receptive fisting | 2 (15.4%) | 6 (42.9%) | 3 (20.0%) | 0.118 | 0.213 | |
| Insertive fisting | 3 (23.1%) | 5 (35.7%) | 4 (26.7%) | 0.472 | 0.752 | |
| Group sex | 8 (61.5%) | 8 (57.1%) | 10 (66.7%) | 0.816 | 0.870 | |
| Poppers use | 9 (69.2%) | 10 (71.4%) | 9 (60.0%) | 0.901 | 0. 786 | |
| Drug use 3 | 7 (53.9%) | 7 (50.0%) | 12 (80.0%) | 0.842 | 0.194 | |
| Sexually transmitted infections diagnosis | ||||||
| Syphilis 4 | 10 (76.9%) | 11 (78.6%) | 9 (60.0%) | 0.918 | 0.472 | |
| Chlamydia | 3 (23.1%) | 1 (7.1%) | 4 (26.7%) | 0.244 | 0.370 | |
| Gonorrhea | 1 (7.7%) | 3 (21.4%) | 3 (20.0%) | 0.315 | 0.576 | |
NOTE: The subculture characteristics are not mutually exclusive.
RNA = ribonucleic acid; STI = sexually transmitted infection; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; IQR = interquartile range; UAI = unprotected anal intercourse;
1
P-value for χ2-tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests of cluster I and II;
2
P-value for χ2-tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests of cluster I, II, and the remainder group;
3
Recreational use of cocaine, XTC, gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), ketamines, amphetamines, or methylamphetamines before or during sexual contact;
4
Based on serological evidence.