Figure 1. Distribution of the 94 elite common wheat varieties in two-dimensional PCoA space based on the genotyping data of 1,129 molecular markers.

Three groups, I, II and III, were formed, and were dominated by the varieties from Henan, Shandong, and Hebei provinces, respectively. The core breeding parents in the three groups included Abbondanza (Ab), Bima 4 (BM4), Lumai 14 (LM14), Orofen (Of), and St (St2422–464).