Table 3. Positive influence of the elite alleles of 11 significantly associated loci on grain length (GL, mm) and grain width (GW, mm) in the irrigated and fertilised (IF), rainfed (RF), reduced nitrogen (RN), and reduced phosphorus (RP) environments in the 08/09 wheat crop cycle in Hengshui (HS).

Locus	Allele type	IF (HS)		RF (HS)		RN (HS)		RP (HS)
		GL	GW	GL	GW	GL	GW	GL	GW
wPt-6965	Allele 1 (n = 22)1	6.86±0.17**2	3.51±0.12*	6.47±0.23**	3.22±0.15**	6.51±0.24**	3.34±0.15*	6.53±0.25**	3.34±0.13**
	Allele 0 (n = 72)	6.62±0.16	3.40±0.10	6.30±0.26	3.13±0.14	6.28±0.27	3.25±0.12	6.29±0.26	3.23±0.14
rPt-1806	Allele 1 (n = 22)	6.84±0.23**	3.50±0.12*	6.45±0.25**	3.20±0.16*	6.49±0.26**	3.33±0.16*	6.52±0.27**	3.34±0.15**
	Allele 0 (n = 72)	6.64±0.19	3.41±0.14	6.30±0.26	3.13±0.14	6.28±0.25	3.24±0.13	6.29±0.26	3.23±0.14
Xgwm299	Allele 205 bp (n = 46)	6.70±0.20	3.52±0.11*	6.37±0.19	3.29±0.12**	6.33±0.19	3.36±0.08*	6.35±0.20	3.31±0.13*
	Others (n = 48)	6.67±0.28	3.40±0.16	6.33±0.28	3.14±0.16	6.33±0.30	3.21±0.14	6.32±0.29	3.20±0.15
Xbarc1	Allele 276 bp (n = 55)	6.74±0.21*	3.45±0.16
	Others (n = 39)	6.61±0.20	3.40±0.13
Xbarc235	Allele 304 bp (n = 55)	6.71±0.26	3.49±0.14*
	Others (n = 39)	6.65±0.23	3.38±0.15
Xwmc357	Allele 204 bp (n = 42)			6.38±0.22*	3.20±0.14*
	Others (n = 52)			6.30±0.20	3.10±0.15
wPt-3426	Allele 1 (n = 21)			6.45±0.26**	3.22±0.16*
	Allele 0 (n = 73)			6.30±0.25	3.11±0.14
Xgwm639	Allele 168 bp (n = 47)					6.37±0.27*	3.31±0.12**
	Others (n = 47)					6.29±0.28	3.22±0.14
wPt-743515	Allele 1 (n = 40)					6.49±0.28**	3.33±0.16*
	Allele 0 (n = 54)					6.29±0.27	3.25±0.12
Xgwm666	Allele 108 bp (n = 34)							6.33±0.29	3.36±0.14**
	Others (n = 60)							6.31±0.26	3.15±0.16
Xcfd52	Allele 281 bp (n = 47)							6.39±0.21*	3.26±0.16
	Others (n = 47)							6.30±0.26	3.25±0.14

¹For the diversity arrays technology (DArT) locus, allele 1 was elite. For the microsatellite locus, the allele labelled with the specific fragment size (bp) was elite; “n” denotes the number of varieties carrying the given allele;

²Statistical comparison was made between the averaged measurements of the two allele types. The asterisk and double asterisks indicate P≤0.05 (significant) or 0.01 (highly significant); Statistically significant comparisons are underlined.