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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Health Serv Outcomes Res Methodol. 2012 Oct 5;12(4):288–301. doi: 10.1007/s10742-012-0101-2

Table 1.

Treatment Effect under Different IV Strategies

Method Treatment Effect 95% CI P-value
Regular Regression 0.200 [0.06, 0.34] 0.004
Randomization as IV 0.833 [−8.09, 9.75] 0.855
Self-selection as IV 0.539 [0.12, 0.96] 0.012
Matching-enhanced IV 0.250 [−0.22, 0.72] 0.298