. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Diabetes Complications. 2012 Oct 11;27(1):34–40. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.08.006

Table 1.

Characteristics of type 2 diabetes patients aged 35 years or older (N=15,826).

	Non-hispanic whites	Asians (all)	Asian indians	Chinese	Filipinos	Japanese	Koreans	Vietnamese	Black/africans	Hispanic/latinos
N	8323	5199	1809	1615	1065	416	133	161	449	1855
Women (%)	46.0%	44.7%	34.8%^*	47.3%	54.6%^*	51.2%	45.9%	46.0%	57.9%^*	50.8%^*
Age, y, mean (SD)	63.0 (13.5)	57.0 (14.1)^*	50.8 (12.5)^*	61.8 (14.0)^*	57.7 (12.5)^*	65.0 (14.4)^*	55.2 (14.1)^*	56.0 (13.1)^*	58.3 (12.2)^*	57.7 (13.6)^*
BMI
BMI (mean, SD)	31.9 (7.0)	26.9 (4.7)^*	27.3 (4.5)^*	25.8 (4.5)^*	27.9 (5.0)^*	27.6 (5.3)^*	26.2 (4.0)^*	25.3 (4.0)^*	32.9 (7.4)^*	32.3 (6.6)^*
Underweight (%)	0.5%	0.8%	0.6%	1.4%^*	0.4%	0.7%	0.8%	1.2%	0.4%	0.1%^*
Normal weight (%)	11.3%	33.4%^*	30.6%^*	41.4%^*	25.5%^*	28.8%^*	32.3%^*	48.4%^*	9.1%	8.0%^*
Overweight (%)	26.6%	36.9%^*	39.7%^*	33.1%^*	39.7%^*	33.4%^*	45.1%^*	28.0%	26.9%	28.2%
Obese (%)	47.7%	18.6%^*	20.6%^*	12.9%^*	24.6%^*	22.4%^*	11.3%^*	9.3%^*	56.3%^*	53.3%^*
Missing BMI (%)	13.9%	10.3%^*	8.5%^*	11.3%^*	9.8%^*	14.7%	10.5%	13.0%	7.1%^*	10.4%^*
Last available measure (mean, SD)
HbA1c	6.8 (1.4)	6.9 (1.2)^*	6.9 (1.2)^*	6.7 (1.0)	7.1 (1.4)^*	6.9 (1.4)^*	6.9 (1.1)^*	6.8 (1.1)	7.2 (1.7)^*	7.2 (1.7)^*
diastolic BP	73.4 (10.7)	73.4 (10.6)	74.3 (9.9)^*	71.9 (10.8)^*	74.3 (10.8)^*	73.2 (11.1)	74.8 (11.6)	71.6 (9.9)^*	76.3 (10.2)^*	74.1 (10.5)^*
systolic BP	128.1 (16.5)	124.5 (16.5)^*	122.8 (15.8)^*	124.0 (16.8)^*	128.1 (16.5)	126.7 (15.8)	122.1 (16.8)^*	122.1 (17.5)^*	130.6 (16.5)^*	126.9 (15.9)^*
LDL	96.6 (34.0)	97.1 (32.4)^*	98.1 (31.1)^*	95.4 (32.4)	98.3 (34.5)	95.1 (33.2)	97.4 (32.0)	101.2 (31.3)^*	102.7 (35.7)^*	100.1 (33.3)^*
Utilization (mean, SD)
Number of office visits	17.3 (16.2)	13.1 (11.8)^*	11.1 (10.2)^*	14.0 (12.0)^*	14.3 (12.5)^*	15.7 (14.1)	12.4 (12.3)^*	11.7 (10.6)^*	18.6 (15.5)^*	15.6 (14.1)^*
Number of primary care/endocrinology visits	9.1 (7.6)	8.1 (5.9)^*	7.1 (5.0)^*	8.5 (6.3)	8.9 (6.3)	8.9 (6.9)	7.2 (5.0)^*	7.3 (5.2)^*	10.2 (7.5)^*	9.4 (7.2)^*
Primary Insurance
PPO	65.4%	66.4%	72.3%^*	68.2%	56.6%^*	58.4%^*	63.9%	69.6%	54.6%^*	54.7%^*
HMO	32.1%	30.1%	22.1%^*	28.4%^*	42.0%^*	40.6%^*	33.1%	29.8%	42.3%^*	41.3%^*
Other	1.1%	2.0%^*	2.7%^*	2.5%^*	0.9%	0.0%	1.5%	0.0%	2.0%	2.0%^*
Last available Smoking Status (%)
Ever	37.0%	20.8%^*	16.7%^*	16.7%^*	30.1%^*	28.4%^*	33.1%	16.8%^*	39.2%	32.5%^*
Never	52.4%	72.0%^*	75.7%^*	76.2%^*	63.7%^*	63.5%^*	59.4%	76.4%^*	56.1%	59.7%^*
Missing	10.6%	7.2%^*	7.6%^*	7.1%^*	6.2%^*	8.2%	7.5%	6.8%	4.7%^*	7.8%^*
Taking anti-diabetic medications at HbA1c measurement	64.2%	64.0%	66.2%	60.6%^*	67.4%	61.2%	59.4%	62.3%	68.0%	70.6%^*
Insulin	9.6%	6.7%^*	6.7%^*	6.8%^*	6.4%^*	7.4%	10.2%	4.6%	13.9%^*	11.4%
Oral medications	60.9%	61.9%	64.5%^*	58.0%	65.5%^*	58.9%	56.3%	59.6%	61.4%	67.1%^*
Taking anti-hypertensive medications at BP measurement	66.5%	55.3%^*	44.5%^*	56.0%^*	71.3^*	65.7%	44.3%^*	45.4%^*	72.5%^*	61.4%^*
1 med	31.6%	30.2%	27.8%^*	29.0%	35.6%^*	32.6%	26.7%	28.2%	25.8%^*	34.30%
2 med	20.5%	16.0%^*	10.2%^*	17.4%^*	22.2%	22.7%	13.0%	11.7%^*	25.8%^*	17.3%^*
3+ med	14.4%	9.1%^*	6.5%^*	9.6%^*	13.5%	10.4%	4.6%^*	5.5%^*	21.0%^*	9.8%^*
Taking LMAs at LDL measurement	56.0%	49.4%^*	44.0%^*	47.1%^*	56.5%	60.5%	46.8%	60.8%	52.4%	49.7%^*

BMI=body mass index; BP=blood pressure; HbA1C=glycosylated hemoglobin; HMO=health maintenance organization; LDL=low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LMA=lipid modifying agent; PPO=preferred provider organization.

Statistically significant with Non-Hispanic Whites, by 95% Wilson CI for categorical variables and pairwise Wilcoxon test for continuous variables.