Table 1.
Non-hispanic whites | Asians (all) | Asian indians | Chinese | Filipinos | Japanese | Koreans | Vietnamese | Black/africans | Hispanic/latinos | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 8323 | 5199 | 1809 | 1615 | 1065 | 416 | 133 | 161 | 449 | 1855 |
Women (%) | 46.0% | 44.7% | 34.8%* | 47.3% | 54.6%* | 51.2% | 45.9% | 46.0% | 57.9%* | 50.8%* |
Age, y, mean (SD) | 63.0 (13.5) | 57.0 (14.1)* | 50.8 (12.5)* | 61.8 (14.0)* | 57.7 (12.5)* | 65.0 (14.4)* | 55.2 (14.1)* | 56.0 (13.1)* | 58.3 (12.2)* | 57.7 (13.6)* |
BMI | ||||||||||
BMI (mean, SD) | 31.9 (7.0) | 26.9 (4.7)* | 27.3 (4.5)* | 25.8 (4.5)* | 27.9 (5.0)* | 27.6 (5.3)* | 26.2 (4.0)* | 25.3 (4.0)* | 32.9 (7.4)* | 32.3 (6.6)* |
Underweight (%) | 0.5% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 1.4%* | 0.4% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 1.2% | 0.4% | 0.1%* |
Normal weight (%) | 11.3% | 33.4%* | 30.6%* | 41.4%* | 25.5%* | 28.8%* | 32.3%* | 48.4%* | 9.1% | 8.0%* |
Overweight (%) | 26.6% | 36.9%* | 39.7%* | 33.1%* | 39.7%* | 33.4%* | 45.1%* | 28.0% | 26.9% | 28.2% |
Obese (%) | 47.7% | 18.6%* | 20.6%* | 12.9%* | 24.6%* | 22.4%* | 11.3%* | 9.3%* | 56.3%* | 53.3%* |
Missing BMI (%) | 13.9% | 10.3%* | 8.5%* | 11.3%* | 9.8%* | 14.7% | 10.5% | 13.0% | 7.1%* | 10.4%* |
Last available measure (mean, SD) | ||||||||||
HbA1c | 6.8 (1.4) | 6.9 (1.2)* | 6.9 (1.2)* | 6.7 (1.0) | 7.1 (1.4)* | 6.9 (1.4)* | 6.9 (1.1)* | 6.8 (1.1) | 7.2 (1.7)* | 7.2 (1.7)* |
diastolic BP | 73.4 (10.7) | 73.4 (10.6) | 74.3 (9.9)* | 71.9 (10.8)* | 74.3 (10.8)* | 73.2 (11.1) | 74.8 (11.6) | 71.6 (9.9)* | 76.3 (10.2)* | 74.1 (10.5)* |
systolic BP | 128.1 (16.5) | 124.5 (16.5)* | 122.8 (15.8)* | 124.0 (16.8)* | 128.1 (16.5) | 126.7 (15.8) | 122.1 (16.8)* | 122.1 (17.5)* | 130.6 (16.5)* | 126.9 (15.9)* |
LDL | 96.6 (34.0) | 97.1 (32.4)* | 98.1 (31.1)* | 95.4 (32.4) | 98.3 (34.5) | 95.1 (33.2) | 97.4 (32.0) | 101.2 (31.3)* | 102.7 (35.7)* | 100.1 (33.3)* |
Utilization (mean, SD) | ||||||||||
Number of office visits | 17.3 (16.2) | 13.1 (11.8)* | 11.1 (10.2)* | 14.0 (12.0)* | 14.3 (12.5)* | 15.7 (14.1) | 12.4 (12.3)* | 11.7 (10.6)* | 18.6 (15.5)* | 15.6 (14.1)* |
Number of primary care/endocrinology visits | 9.1 (7.6) | 8.1 (5.9)* | 7.1 (5.0)* | 8.5 (6.3) | 8.9 (6.3) | 8.9 (6.9) | 7.2 (5.0)* | 7.3 (5.2)* | 10.2 (7.5)* | 9.4 (7.2)* |
Primary Insurance | ||||||||||
PPO | 65.4% | 66.4% | 72.3%* | 68.2% | 56.6%* | 58.4%* | 63.9% | 69.6% | 54.6%* | 54.7%* |
HMO | 32.1% | 30.1% | 22.1%* | 28.4%* | 42.0%* | 40.6%* | 33.1% | 29.8% | 42.3%* | 41.3%* |
Other | 1.1% | 2.0%* | 2.7%* | 2.5%* | 0.9% | 0.0% | 1.5% | 0.0% | 2.0% | 2.0%* |
Last available Smoking Status (%) | ||||||||||
Ever | 37.0% | 20.8%* | 16.7%* | 16.7%* | 30.1%* | 28.4%* | 33.1% | 16.8%* | 39.2% | 32.5%* |
Never | 52.4% | 72.0%* | 75.7%* | 76.2%* | 63.7%* | 63.5%* | 59.4% | 76.4%* | 56.1% | 59.7%* |
Missing | 10.6% | 7.2%* | 7.6%* | 7.1%* | 6.2%* | 8.2% | 7.5% | 6.8% | 4.7%* | 7.8%* |
Taking anti-diabetic medications at HbA1c measurement | 64.2% | 64.0% | 66.2% | 60.6%* | 67.4% | 61.2% | 59.4% | 62.3% | 68.0% | 70.6%* |
Insulin | 9.6% | 6.7%* | 6.7%* | 6.8%* | 6.4%* | 7.4% | 10.2% | 4.6% | 13.9%* | 11.4% |
Oral medications | 60.9% | 61.9% | 64.5%* | 58.0% | 65.5%* | 58.9% | 56.3% | 59.6% | 61.4% | 67.1%* |
Taking anti-hypertensive medications at BP measurement | 66.5% | 55.3%* | 44.5%* | 56.0%* | 71.3* | 65.7% | 44.3%* | 45.4%* | 72.5%* | 61.4%* |
1 med | 31.6% | 30.2% | 27.8%* | 29.0% | 35.6%* | 32.6% | 26.7% | 28.2% | 25.8%* | 34.30% |
2 med | 20.5% | 16.0%* | 10.2%* | 17.4%* | 22.2% | 22.7% | 13.0% | 11.7%* | 25.8%* | 17.3%* |
3+ med | 14.4% | 9.1%* | 6.5%* | 9.6%* | 13.5% | 10.4% | 4.6%* | 5.5%* | 21.0%* | 9.8%* |
Taking LMAs at LDL measurement | 56.0% | 49.4%* | 44.0%* | 47.1%* | 56.5% | 60.5% | 46.8% | 60.8% | 52.4% | 49.7%* |
BMI=body mass index; BP=blood pressure; HbA1C=glycosylated hemoglobin; HMO=health maintenance organization; LDL=low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LMA=lipid modifying agent; PPO=preferred provider organization.
Statistically significant with Non-Hispanic Whites, by 95% Wilson CI for categorical variables and pairwise Wilcoxon test for continuous variables.