Figure 5.

Bactericidal and fungicidal activities of neutrophils and NETs in vitro. To determine the antimicrobial activity of NETs, neutrophils (PMN) were incubated with virus-infected BALF (FLU-BALF) or uninfected control BALF (CON-BALF) in the presence of (A) S. pneumoniae 19F or SP, (B) K. pneumoniae K15 or KP, and (C) C. albicans or CA with or without cytochalasin B (CyB). After incubation for 2.5 h, the remaining bacteria were plated on sheep blood agar or Luria–Bertani agar, and colonies were counted 24 h later. For colony counts of C. albicans, overnight incubation was carried out, followed by plating on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Values represent the means ± SE of at least 3 independent experiments. ^*Denotes P < 0.05 vs. untreated C. albicans only control.