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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 7.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Biol. 2013 Jan 7;23(1):R33–R45. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.041

Figure 3. Lipid and lipid enzymes implicated in autophagy.

Figure 3

The lipids enzymes involved in the modulation of the autophagy pathway are subdivided into three classes, depending on whether they act on phosphoinositides, phosphatidic acid (PA) or sphingolipids. Their catalytic reactions as well as specific functions in autophagy regulation are indicated. Arrows denote a positive or a negative effect on autophagy. Note that the synaptojanin-like protein 3 is also an inositol 5-phosphatase that can dephosphorylate PI(4,5)P2 but only its 3-phosphatase activity mediated by its Sac1 domain has been implicated in autophagy so far.