Figure 1.

The mitochondrial genome of various organisms, and some mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which can be associated with diseases and aging. The localization of mitochondrial genes is also displayed. White areas denote genes of tRNAs. MELAS–mitochondrial encephalomyopathy; lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes; LHON–Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy; ADPD–Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases; MERRF–myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers; NARP–neurogenic myopathia, ataxia, retinis pigmentosa; LDYS–LHON + dystonia; rRNA–ribosomal RNA; ND1-6–NADH dehydrogenase subunits; COI-III–cytochrome oxidase subunits; ATP6, −8–ATP synthase subunits; CytB–cytochrome b.