Figure 2. Overall prevalence rates (± s.e.) of avian influenza virus antibodies (gray bar) and avian influenza virus detection (black bar; based on pooled cloacal and oral-pharyngeal swabs; Ip et al.

2008, USGS/USFWS 2009, 2010) for adult waterfowl species in Alaska. Species abbreviations: TUSW  =  Tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus), CACG  =  cackling goose (Branta hutchinsii), BLBR  =  Pacific black brant (B. bernicla nigricans), GWFG  =  greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons), EMGO  =  emperor goose (A. canagica), NOPI  =  northern pintail (Anas acuta), COEI  =  Pacific common eider (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum), SPEI  =  spectacled eider (S. fischeri), STEI  =  Steller's eider (Polysticta stelleri), LTDU  =  long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis), and BLSC  =  black scoter (Melanitta nigra).