Table 1. Absolute biomarker concentrations in the total population and according to glucose metabolism, weight, metabolic syndrome and smoking status as determined by the single-biomarker techniques or by the multi-array platform of MesoScaleDiscovery.
| CRP (mg/l) | SAA (mg/l) | sICAM-1 (µg/l) | sVCAM-1 (µg/l) | |||||
| Immunoturbidimetry | Multi-array | ELISA | Multi-array | ELISA | Multi-array | ELISA | Multi-array | |
| Total population (n = 550) | 2.6 [1.4–4.5] | 1.9 [0.9–3.8] | 7.0 [4.0–13.8] | 1.3 [0.8–2.2] | 350±91 | 219±54 | 476±121 | 339±75 |
| Glucose metabolism status a | ||||||||
| NGM (n = 291) | 2.2 [1.3–3.7] | 1.6 [0.9–3.1] | 6.2 [3.7–11.8] | 1.2 [0.7–2.0] | 338±85 | 210±50 | 463±121 | 331±73 |
| IGM (n = 122) | 2.8 [1.5–4.8] | 2.1 [1.0–3.9] | 8.0 [4.5–14.9] | 1.3 [0.9–2.6] | 354±90 | 220±48 | 467±105 | 338±68 |
| DM2 (n = 137) | 3.2 [1.9–5.7] | 2.4 [1.3–5.3] | 8.1 [4.7–15.5] | 1.5 [1.0–2.6] | 373±100 | 237±63 | 510±127 | 356±82 |
| Weight status b | ||||||||
| Normal weight (n = 100) | 1.4 [0.9–3.0] | 1.0 [0.5–2.4] | 5.3 [3.0–12.0] | 1.0 [0.6–1.9] | 326±99 | 205±50 | 454±130 | 323±70 |
| Overweight (n = 283) | 2.2 [1.4–3.8] | 1.6 [0.9–3.1] | 6.4 [4.2–12.6] | 1.2 [0.8–2.0] | 341±79 | 214±47 | 467±114 | 334±73 |
| Obese (n = 167) | 3.6 [2.3–6.0] | 3.0 [1.6–5.4] | 8.6 [5.2–15.8] | 1.6 [1.0–2.7] | 380±98 | 238±62 | 505±121 | 357±76 |
| Metabolic syndrome status c | ||||||||
| 0–1 risk factor (n = 134) | 1.5 [0.9–3.1] | 1.0 [0.5–2.4] | 5.6 [3.4–11.6] | 1.1 [0.7–1.8] | 317±75 | 198±42 | 447±106 | 322±65 |
| 2 risk factors (n = 119) | 2.4 [1.3–3.8] | 1.8 [0.9–3.2] | 6.5 [4.0–14.7] | 1.3 [0.8–2.5] | 334±80 | 205±41 | 464±117 | 324±67 |
| ≥3 risk factors d (n = 297) | 3.0 [1.8–5.2] | 2.4 [1.3–4.7] | 7.7 [4.5–14.2] | 1.4 [0.9–2.4] | 372±96 | 235±58 | 494±126 | 352±79 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never (n = 161) | 2.1 [1.3–3.4] | 1.5 [0.9–2.7] | 6.1 [3.8–13.6] | 1.3 [0.8–2.1] | 331±82 | 211±49 | 485±125 | 337±75 |
| Ex-smoker (n = 278) | 2.6 [1.4–4.6] | 2.0 [0.9–3.9] | 6.8 [4.2–12.6] | 1.3 [0.8–2.0] | 347±88 | 217±57 | 481±117 | 344±73 |
| Current (n = 111) | 3.2 [1.5–5.5] | 2.4 [1.0–5.3] | 9.4 [4.5–15.6] | 1.5 [0.9–2.7] | 385±101 | 237±50 | 450±122 | 327±78 |
Data are means ± SD or medians [interquartile range].
NGM, normal glucose metabolism: defined as fasting plasma glucose <6.1 mmol/l and 2-hour post-load plasma glucose <7.8 mmol/l; IGM, impaired glucose metabolism: includes impaired fasting plasma glucose (between 6.1 mmol/l and 7.0 mmol/l) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (2-hour post-load plasma glucose between 7.8 and 11.1 mmol/l); DM2, diabetes mellitus type 2 (fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l and/or 2-hour post-load plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l);
Categorized on the basis of individuals’ body mass index (BMI) as: normal (if BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2); overweight (if BMI ≥25.0 and <29.9 kg/m2), and obese (if BMI ≥30 kg/m2);
Metabolic syndrome status was defined according to the revised NCEP-ATPIII definition (American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute);
any 3 out of the following traits/risk factors reflect the presence of the syndrome: elevated waist circumference (≥102 cm in men, ≥88 cm in women); reduced HDL-cholesterol (<1.03 mmol/l in men, <1.29 mmol/l in women, and/or specific drug treatment); elevated triglycerides (≥1.7 mmol/l and/or specific drug treatment); elevated blood pressure (systolic/diastolic ≥130/85 mm Hg and/or anti-hypertensive treatment); and elevated fasting plasma glucose (≥5.6 mmol/l and/or glucose-lowering treatment); CRP, C-reactive protein; SAA, serum amyloid A; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.