Table 1. Sample characteristics stratified by Type D personalitya.
| Total(n = 313) | Type D(n = 64) | non-Type D (n = 249) | p | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Male gender | 75.3 (235) | 71.9 (46) | 76.2 (189) | .47 |
| Age (yrs), mean (SD) | 65.9 (9.9) | 67.2 (10.4) | 65.5 (9.8) | .25 |
| Living without a partner | 25.6 (80) | 29.7 (19) | 24.6 (61) | .41 |
| Affective symptoms | ||||
| SAD4 score, mean (SD) | 2.4 (3.1) | 5.4 (3.9) | 1.6 (2.3) | <.0005 |
| SAD4≥3 | 33.6 (185) | 78.1 (50) | 22.0 (54) | <.0005 |
| Biomedical risk factors | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) b | 27.9 (5.0) | 28.0 (5.5) | 27.9 (4.9) | .89 |
| Smoking | 22.8 (71) | 15.6 (10) | 24.6 (61) | .13 |
| Hypertension | 35.6 (111) | 37.5 (24) | 35.1 (87) | .72 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 54.8 (171) | 57.8 (37) | 54.0 (134) | .59 |
| Diabetes | 23.7 (74) | 26.6 (17) | 23.0 (57) | .55 |
| Disease characteristics | ||||
| Ischemic etiology b | 58.1 (180) | 53.2 (33) | 59.3 (147) | .39 |
| LVEF, mean (SD) | 31.7 (6.7) | 32.2 (6.3) | 31.6 (6.8) | .53 |
| NYHA class III c | 31.7 (99) | 35.9 (23) | 30.6 (76) | .42 |
| Time since diagnosis (yrs), mean (SD) b | 7.2 (4.5) | 7.7 (5.2) | 7.0 (4.2) | .23 |
| Interventions | ||||
| PCI | 16.0 (50) | 15.6 (10) | 16.1 (40) | .92 |
| CABG | 26.9 (84) | 29.7 (19) | 26.2 (65) | .58 |
| Device therapy d | 12.5 (39) | 12.5 (8) | 12.5 (31) | .99 |
| Prescribed medications | ||||
| Diureticse | ||||
| Lisdiuretics only | 62.2 (194) | 76.6 (49) | 58.5 (145) | |
| Thiazides only | 3.2 (10) | 1.6 (1) | 3.6 (9) | .06 |
| Combined | 6.1 (19) | 4.7 (3) | 6.5 (16) | |
| Beta blockers | 66.5 (206) | 68.3 (43) | 66.0 (163) | .73 |
| ACE inhibitors | 71.8 (224) | 75.0 (48) | 71.0 (176) | .52 |
| ARB | 19.9 (62) | 21.9 (14) | 19.4 (48) | .65 |
| Digoxin | 25.3 (79) | 32.8 (21) | 23.4 (58) | .12 |
| Calcium antagonists | 13.5 (42) | 25.0 (16) | 10.5 (26) | .002 |
| Oral anticoagulants | 47.4 (148) | 40.6 (26) | 49.2 (122) | .22 |
| Aspirin | 38.1 (93) | 40.6 (26) | 37.5 (93) | .65 |
| Statins | 53.5 (167) | 53.1 (34) | 53.6 (133) | .94 |
| Psychotropic medication | 13.8 (43) | 18.8 (12) | 12.5 (31) | .20 |
| Renal function | ||||
| Renal dysfunction at baseline f | 30.4 (95) | 31.3 (20) | 30.1 (75) | .86 |
| GFRcreat at baseline mean (SD) | 69.8 (20.3) | 69.9 (19.8) | 69.8 (23.4) | .98 |
| Change in GFRcreat during follow-up mean (SD) | −1.6 (15.1) | −8.2 (19.7) | −0.1 (13.6) | .02 |
a
Results are presented as % (n), unless stated otherwise.
b
Due to missing data for 2–23 patients, analyses were conducted using the available data.
c
NYHA class III versus NYHA class I-II.
d
Either a single, biventricular pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter device.
e
28.1% of patients were not prescribed diuretics. Some patients were prescribed a combination of potassium-sparing diuretics and lisdiuretics (n = 12, 3.6%).
f
GFRcreat<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2.
ARB = angiotensin-II receptor blockers; BMI = body mass index; CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA = New York Heart Association functional class; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; GFRcreat = glomerular filtration rate of creatinine.