ATP-evoked release of BDNF from microglia is prevented by inhibiting SNARE-mediated exocytosis, and BDNF-TrkB signaling is not required for accumulation of BDNF within the microglia. Microglia were treated with TAT–NSF700 (5 μm), an inhibitor of SNARE-mediated exocytosis, or control peptide TAT–NSF700scr (5 μm) 60 min before ATP stimulation. a, ELISA-based measurement of BDNF release 5 min and 60 min after ATP stimulation. b, Western blot analysis of BDNF protein in microglial cell lysates 60 min after ATP stimulation. c, Western blot analysis of BDNF protein in microglial cells lysates treated with the BDNF-sequestering protein TrkB-Fc (5 μg/ml) or the control peptide IgG-Fc (5 μg/ml) at 60 min after ATP stimulation. Data normalized to PBS control and are presented as mean percentage of PBS control (±SEM). TAT–NSF experiments represent n = 6 for each experimental group. TrkB-Fc experiments represent n = 4 for each experimental group. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared with PBS-treated control.