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Model illustrating ATP-evoked BDNF release and synthesis from microglia. Stimulation of P2X4Rs by ATP causes the SNARE-mediated release and synthesis of BDNF that is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and activation of p38-MAPK. The early phase of release is from a pool of pre-existing BDNF, whereas the late phase of BDNF release and the accumulation of BDNF in the microglia are dependent on transcription and translation of de novo BDNF.
