Table 4.
The schematic summary of neocortical and subcortical gray matter differences detected with the two volumetric methodologies: voxel-based morphometry and FreeSurfer.
| VBM | FS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychosis groups vs. healthy controls |
||||||
| SZ < HC | SAD < HC | BD-P < HC | SZ < HC | SAD < HC | BD-P < HC | |
| Cortical regions | ||||||
| Frontal | ↓↓↓ | ↓ | - | ↓↓↓ | - | - |
| Temporal | ↓↓↓ | ↓ | - | ↓↓ | - | - |
| Insular | ↓↓↓ | ↓ | - | - | - | - |
| Cingulate | ↓↓↓ | - | - | - | - | - |
| Parietal | ↓↓ | - | - | ↓ | - | - |
| Occipital | ↓↓ | - | - | - | - | - |
| Subcortical regions | ||||||
| Hippocampus | - | - | - | ↓ | ↓↓ | - |
| Amygdala | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Basal ganglia* | ↓↓* | - | - | ↑* | ↓ | - |
| Thalamus | ↓ | - | - | ↓ | ↓ | - |
| Cerebellum | ↓ | - | - | - | - | - |
|
Psychosis dimension |
||||||
| SZ < BD-P | SZ < SAD | SAD < BD-P | SZ < BD-P | SZ < SAD | SAD < BD-P | |
| Cortical regions | ||||||
| Frontal | ↓↓ | ↓↓ | ↑ | ↓↓ | - | - |
| Temporal | ↓↓↓ | ↓↓↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | - |
| Insular | ↓ | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cingulate | ↓↓ | ↓↓↓ | - | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ |
| Parietal | ↓ | ↓ | - | ↓↓ | - | ↑ |
| Occipital | - | ↓↓ | ↑ | ↓↓ | - | ↑ |
| Subcortical regions | ||||||
| Hippocampus | - | - | - | - | - | ↓↓ |
| Amygdala* | - | - | - | ↓* | - | ↓* |
| Basal ganglia* | ↓* | - | ↓↓ | ↑↑* | - | - |
| Thalamus | - | - | - | - | ↑ | ↓↓ |
| Cerebellum | ↓ | - | ↑ | ↓ | - | - |
VBM - Voxel-Based Morphometry, FS - FreeSurfer, SZ - individuals with schizophrenia, SAD - individuals with schizoaffective disorder, BD-P - individuals with psychotic bipolar I disorder, HC - healthy controls.
The regions with divergent VBM and FS findings are marked with an asterisk.