Table 3.

Determinants of Diagnostic Shifts: Mixed-Effects Logistic Regression

	Schizophrenia		Bipolar Disorder		MDD		Substance-Induced
	Adjusted Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	Adjusted Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	Adjusted Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	Adjusted Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval
Changes in symptoms
GAF	0.28***	0.19–0.41	4.61***	2.80–7.59	2.12**	1.32–3.41	1.31	0.73–2.35
Negative symptoms	3.02***	2.11–4.32	0.42***	0.25–0.69	0.51**	0.31–0.85	0.89	0.49–1.60
Psychotic symptoms	3.49 ***	2.43–5.01	0.45***	0.28–0.71	0.31***	0.17–0.57	0.65	0.36–1.19
Disorganized symptoms	0.70*	0.50–1.00	1.45	0.98–2.14	0.75	0.43–1.32	0.85	0.47–1.54
Depression symptoms	0.45***	0.33–0.63	1.76**	1.19–2.61	4.23***	2.77–6.46	1.21	0.76–1.91
BPRS excitement	0.70*	0.51–0.97	1.66**	1.19–2.30	0.49*	0.27–0.88	0.91	0.56–1.47
Suicide attempts	0.63	0.26–1.52	0.57	0.17–1.95	3.25*	1.18–8.90	0.96	0.28–3.25
Aggression	0.79	0.43–1.44	1.00	0.49–2.04	0.90	0.42–1.94	2.83*	1.14–7.05
Changes in treatment
Rehospitalization	1.27	0.66–2.43	1.33	0.58–3.03	0.50	0.21–1.21	2.23	0.77–6.47
Antipsychotics	6.92***	3.62–13.25	0.52	0.25–1.06	0.46*	0.22–0.99	0.46	0.19–1.12
Antidepressants	0.61	0.33–1.11	0.39	0.18–0.82	3.85***	1.93–7.69	0.62	0.24–1.58
Anti-manic	0.44*	0.22–0.86	13.92***	6.81–28.45	0.22***	0.09–0.55	0.35	0.11–1.17
Substance abuse	0.42*	0.19–0.94	0.91	0.36–2.30	0.35*	0.12–0.99	5.91***	2.38–14.65

NOTE: Odds ratios adjusted for effects of all other predictors

^*p<0.05

^**p<0.01

^***p<0.001