Table 2.
G-protein dependent modulation of t-LTP and t-LTD.
| Brain area | Study from | Neuron type | Involved neuromodulator (application) | Effect of neuromodulator | STDP protocol | Suggested mechanisms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visual cortex | Seol et al., 2007 | Layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons | ACh via M1 Rs; NA via β-adrenergic Rs (agonist) | Bidirectional STDP only when neuromodulators act cooperatively | t-LTP: 1EPSP/4AP | AMPA receptor phosphorylation |
| t-LTD: 4AP/1EPSP | ||||||
| Salgado et al., 2012 | Layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons | NA via α- and β-adrenergic R (NA) | NA exerts dose dependent effects, gating of STDP | t-LTP: 1EPSP/1AP or 1EPSP/4AP | Unknown | |
| Prefrontal cortex | Couey et al., 2007 | Layer 5 pyramidal neurons | Nicotine via nAChRs (nicotine) | t-LTP is converted in t-LTD by nicotine | t-LTP: 1EPSP/1AP | Increase in GABAergic inhibition |
| Xu and Yao, 2010 | Layer 5 pyramidal neurons | DA via D1 and D2 receptors (DA and specific antagonist) | Permitting LTP by cooperative activation of D1 and D2 R, time window determined by D1 R | t-LTP: 1EPSP/1AP | Increase in GABAergic inhibition D1R unknown | |
| Dorsal striatum | Pawlak and Kerr, 2008 | Spiny projection neurons (SPNs) | DA via D1/D5 Rs (DA antagonist) | Normal t-LTP and t-LTD | t-LTP: 1EPSP/1AP | Unknown |
| t-LTD: 1AP/1EPSP | ||||||
| Shen et al., 2008 | SPN (subgroups) | DA via D1 and D2 R (DA antagonist) | Normal t-LTP and t-LTD | t-LTP: 3EPSP/3AP | Unknown | |
| t-LTD: 3AP/1EPSP | ||||||
| Lateral amygdala | Bissiere et al., 2003 | Projection neurons | DA via D2 Rs (DA and agonists) | Normal t-LTP | t-LTP: 3EPSP/3AP | Decreased feed forward inhibition |
| Ventral tegmental area | Argilli et al., 2008 | Putative DA cells | DA via D1/D5R | Cocaine induced LTP is mediated by D5 R | t-LTP: 1EPSP/1AP | |
| Cocaine injection blocks DAT transporter and thereby increase endogenous DA | ||||||
| Hippocampus | Lin et al., 2003 | CA1 pyramidal neurons | NA via β-adrenergic Rs (agonist) | Enhanced time windows for t-LTP, no effect on short timings | t-LTP: 1EPSP/1AP | Modulation of PKA and ERK signaling |
| Zhang et al., 2009 | Pyramidal neurons (cell cultures) | Dopamine via D1/D5 Rs (DA) | Enhanced time window for LTP, conversion LTD in LTD, facilitation of LTP | t-LTP: 1EPSP/1AP | Unknown | |
| t-LTD: 1AP/1EPSP | ||||||
| Hamilton et al., 2010 | Granule cells (dentate gyrus) | DA via D1R (D1 agonist) | DA alter threshold for LTP | t-LTP: 4EPSP/4AP theta rhythms, theta-burst pairing | Via cAMP dependent increase in dendritic Ca2+ | |
| Edelmann and Lessmann, 2011 | CA1 pyramidal neurons | DA via D1/D5 Rs (DA and D1 antagonist) ISO via β-adrenergic R (agonist) | Normal LTP needs D1 signaling ISO not successful to restore LTP | t-LTP: 1EPSP/1AP | Modulation of action potential dynamics (ISO less effective?) |
The table summarizes previously published studies focusing on dopamine dependent modulation of STDP in different brain regions (this table represents an update of a previously published table in Pawlak et al., 2010). ACh, acetylcholine, DA, dopamine; DxR, dopamine receptors, x, subtype; ISO, Isoproterenol; M1, muscarinic receptors, subtype 1; NA, noradrenaline; nACh, nicotinergic ACh receptor; R, receptor.