Table 2.

Review of findings of the effects of neuromodulation on craving and substance use in patients with addiction

Substance Parameters Regions N of sessions	Patients	Measurement and effects	References
Nicotine
20 Hz rTMS	Treatment-seeking nicotine smokers	Substance intake: Decrease	Eichhammer et al. (2003)
L DLPFC		Craving: No change
1 session
2 mA tDCS	Smokers	Craving: Decrease	Fregni et al. (2008)
R/L DLPFC
1 session
2 mA tDCS	Smokers	Substance intake: Decrease	Boggio et al. (2009)
R/L DLPFC		Craving: Decrease
5 sessions
10 Hz rTMS	Smokers	Substance intake: Decrease	Amiaz et al. (2009)
L DLPFC
10 sessions		Craving: Decrease
Alcohol
2 mA tDCS	Abstinent alcoholics in out-patients detoxification clinic	Substance intake: No change	Boggio et al. (2008)
R/L DLPFC		Craving: Decrease
1 session
Cocaine
10 Hz rTMS	Abstinent cocaine abusers in in-patients detoxification clinic	Craving: Decrease	Camprodon et al. (2007)
R DLPFC
1 session
15 Hz rTMS	Abstinent cocaine abusers post-detoxification	Craving: Decrease	Politi et al. (2008)
L DLPFC
10 sessions
Food
10 Hz rTMS	Subjects reporting severe and frequent urge to eat	Caloric ingestion: No change	Uher et al. (2005)
L DLPFC		Craving: Decrease
1 session
2 mA tDCS	Subjects reporting severe and frequent urge to eat	Caloric ingestion: Decrease	Fregni et al. (2007)
R/L DLPFC		Craving: Decrease
1 session

Note: L = left; R = right.