FIG. 1.

Effect of oxidative damage inducers and scavengers on proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). hMSCs were cultured in basic medium (BM) or osteogenic medium (OM) in the presence of antioxidants (Trolox 50 μM or D-mannitol 5 mM) (A, B) or oxidative damage inducers (peroxynitrite 30 μM; tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) 50 μM, ascorbate/Fe²⁺ 250 μM and hydrogen peroxide 30 μM) (C, D). Proliferation (A, C) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression (B, D) was measured after 6 days of culture. All conditions were performed at the same time, and the conditions were split for interpretation purposes only. For ALP, data are expressed as total ALP activity normalized for cell number. Proliferation is presented as the fluorescence intensity in arbitrary units (Alamar blue). Error bars represent standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test with a significance of p<0.05. Asterisks represent *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. ns, not significant.