. 2013 Jan 4;19(7-8):882–892. doi: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0111

Table 1.

Summary of Impedance Spectroscopic Data Measured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium and the Corresponding Constant Phase Element Analyses

Sample	\|Z\|_cell at 1 Hz (Ω)	\|Z\|_cell at 10 kHz (Ω)	CPE capacitance (μF)	idealitycoeff. η
PEN/Au/film	240000	15	2	0.97
TiN	83000	17	20	0.94
TiN/PLA scaffold	13000	26	20	0.90
TiN/PLA-PPy scaffold	1700	12	14	0.83

HP 4192A impedance analyzer, excitation voltage is sinusoidal 50 mVp-p

CPE, constant phase element; PEN, polyethylene-naphthalate; PLA-PPy, poly-96L/4D-lactide-polypyrrole.