Table 3.
Average rating of taste and smell stimuli by women and men
| Item | Measure | Women | Men | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
| Sucrose | Sweetness | 4.68 | 2.03 | 4.66 | 1.84 | 0.90 |
| Liking | 4.55 | 1.74 | 4.33 | 1.61 | 0.23 | |
| Intensity | 3.11 | 1.60 | 3.25 | 1.39 | 0.39 | |
| NaCl | Sweetness | 0.30 | 0.82 | 0.35 | 0.84 | 0.57 |
| Bitterness | 1.10 | 1.81 | 1.86 | 2.34 | 0.00* | |
| Liking | 1.69 | 1.67 | 1.62 | 1.53 | 0.68 | |
| Citric acid | Sweetness | 0.65 | 1.23 | 0.91 | 1.44 | 0.10 |
| Saltiness | 1.06 | 1.57 | 1.48 | 2.04 | 0.05* | |
| Sourness | 3.62 | 2.42 | 3.84 | 2.29 | 0.48 | |
| Bitterness | 3.00 | 2.49 | 2.58 | 2.48 | 0.19 | |
| Burn | 0.54 | 0.97 | 0.58 | 0.99 | 0.74 | |
| Liking | 1.37 | 1.46 | 1.78 | 1.54 | 0.03* | |
| 10% ethanol | Saltiness | 0.87 | 1.42 | 0.95 | 1.38 | 0.67 |
| Sourness | 1.57 | 2.13 | 2.19 | 2.36 | 0.03* | |
| 20% ethanol (taste) | Sweetness | 0.79 | 1.46 | 0.98 | 1.57 | 0.23 |
| Saltiness | 0.89 | 1.55 | 1.19 | 1.74 | 0.08 | |
| Sourness | 1.98 | 2.45 | 2.15 | 2.39 | 0.53 | |
| Bitterness | 4.11 | 2.71 | 4.21 | 2.51 | 0.73 | |
| Liking | 0.99 | 1.47 | 1.77 | 1.97 | 0.00* | |
| Intensity | 5.87 | 1.48 | 5.42 | 1.36 | 0.00* | |
| 20% ethanol (flavor) | Sweetness | 1.17 | 1.72 | 1.58 | 1.91 | 0.07 |
| Saltiness | 1.04 | 1.60 | 0.92 | 1.36 | 0.53 | |
| Sourness | 1.94 | 2.30 | 2.54 | 2.44 | 0.04 | |
| Bitterness | 4.25 | 2.59 | 4.12 | 2.35 | 0.68 | |
| Burn | 4.61 | 2.25 | 4.49 | 2.21 | 0.66 | |
| Liking | 1.61 | 1.86 | 2.45 | 2.11 | 0.00* | |
| Intensity | 5.85 | 1.30 | 5.65 | 1.43 | 0.23 | |
| Quinine | Sweetness | 0.37 | 0.72 | 0.65 | 1.11 | 0.01* |
| Saltiness | 0.77 | 1.31 | 0.79 | 1.18 | 0.88 | |
| Bitterness | 3.99 | 2.50 | 3.78 | 2.49 | 0.51 | |
| Burn | 1.53 | 2.00 | 1.11 | 1.53 | 0.08 | |
| Intensity | 3.90 | 2.06 | 3.80 | 2.16 | 0.70 | |
| PTC | Sourness | 1.64 | 2.43 | 1.91 | 2.46 | 0.30 |
| Bitterness | 4.40 | 2.89 | 4.06 | 2.77 | 0.26 | |
| Burn | 1.70 | 2.29 | 1.70 | 2.27 | 0.99 | |
| Liking | 1.32 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 1.79 | 0.02 | |
| Intensity | 4.43 | 2.62 | 4.19 | 2.54 | 0.37 | |
| KCl | Sweetness | 0.37 | 0.87 | 0.60 | 1.16 | 0.04* |
| Sourness | 1.52 | 2.22 | 1.74 | 2.17 | 0.40 | |
| Burn | 0.96 | 1.59 | 1.25 | 1.63 | 0.13 | |
| CaCl2 | Sweetness | 0.26 | 0.66 | 0.49 | 1.10 | 0.06 |
| Saltiness | 2.65 | 2.63 | 3.04 | 2.38 | 0.34 | |
| Sourness | 2.23 | 2.55 | 2.36 | 2.42 | 0.75 | |
| Bitterness | 5.06 | 2.51 | 4.98 | 2.15 | 0.83 | |
| Burn | 1.98 | 2.24 | 2.13 | 2.16 | 0.66 | |
| Cinnamon | Detection | 1.00 | NA | 1.00 | NA | 0.61 |
| Liking | 6.65 | 1.12 | 5.58 | 1.53 | 0.00* | |
| Intensity | 5.31 | 1.25 | 4.91 | 1.31 | 0.04* | |
| 20% ethanol (odor) | Detection | 0.78 | NA | 0.66 | NA | 0.07 |
| Androstenone | Detection | 0.55 | NA | 0.43 | NA | 0.13 |
| Liking | 1.88 | 1.68 | 2.28 | 1.69 | 0.30 | |
| Intensity | 3.68 | 2.34 | 3.59 | 2.74 | 0.87 | |
| Galaxolide | Detection | 0.77 | NA | 0.74 | NA | 0.65 |
| Liking | 4.84 | 1.97 | 4.12 | 2.14 | 0.05* | |
| Cilantro (odor) | Pleasantness | −3.28 | 4.63 | −2.64 | 4.93 | 0.53 |
| Basil (odor) | Pleasantness | 1.20 | 5.34 | 1.57 | 4.81 | 0.37 |
| Cilantro (flavor) | Pleasantness | −1.98 | 5.96 | −1.60 | 6.11 | 0.79 |
| Basil (flavor) | Pleasantness | −2.22 | 6.17 | −2.09 | 6.08 | 0.92 |
For the trait “Detection,” the mean fraction of subjects who could smell the odorant is provided. Sex-difference was tested by two–sided t-test for all other traits except detection of the odorants, for which chi-square test was used.NA, not applicable.