Table 4.

Multivariable models estimating independent effects of HGPIN, atrophy, and inflammation on prostate cancer risk (n = 574 pairs)

	Initial model		‘Type of atrophy’ model		‘Type of inflammation’ model
	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
PSA (ng/ml)	1.08 (1.05–1.11)	< 0.001	1.08 (1.05–1.11)	< 0.001	1.08 (1.05–1.11)	< 0.001
HGPIN	2.33 (1.41–3.83)	0.001	2.30 (1.39–3.80)	0.001	2.23 (1.36–3.67)	0.002
Presence of atrophy	1.30 (1.02–1.67)	0.04			1.28 (1.00–1.64)	0.05
Simple atrophy			1.33 (1.03–1.70)	0.03
Post-atrophic hyperplasia			2.03 (0.68–6.04)	0.20
Partial atrophy			0.92 (0.39–2.15)	0.84
Presence of inflammation	0.59 (0.46–0.77)	< 0.001	0.59 (0.45–0.77)	< 0.001
Stromal inflammation					0.63 (0.49–0.83)	< 0.001
Glandular inflammation					1.12 (0.76–1.67)	0.57
Periglandular inflammation					0.93 (0.68–1.27)	0.65