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. 2012 Dec 7;177(1):84–92. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws209

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Bias in the associations between cadmium and lead levels and anovulation under high levels of measurement error (R = 0.50) in main-effects models, with varying levels of true correlation between biomarkers (ρx) and error correlation (ρɛ), BioCycle Study, 2005–2007. The upper 3 panels show fixed levels of ρx and ρɛ values varying from −0.6 to 0.6, while the lower 3 panels show fixed levels of ρɛ and varying ρx values. (OR, odds ratio).