Table 5.
Predictors of achieving simultaneous risk factor control among individuals with diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.
| Denver Health | Kaiser Permanente Colorado | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model (odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals)* | 1 n=5,269 |
2 n=3,861 |
1 n=23,458 |
2 n=21,381 |
| Age (per 10 years) | 1.12 (1.04-1.20) | 1.10 (1.00-1.22) | 1.27 (1.24-1.31) | 1.14 (1.10-1.18) |
| Race | ||||
| African-American | 0.60 (0.46-0.77) | 0.91 (0.64-1.30) | 0.53 (0.45-0.61) | 0.73 (0.62-0.87) |
| Hispanic | 1.02 (0.84-1.23) | 1.57 (1.20-2.05) | 0.74 (0.67-0.80) | 0.91 (0.82-1.00) |
| White | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Other | 1.03 (0.62-1.72) | 1.27 (0.63-2.54) | 0.89 (0.78-1.03) | 0.96 (0.82-1.13) |
| Unknown | 0.94 (0.49-1.80) | 1.02 (0.42-2.47) | 0.66 (0.61-0.72) | 0.80 (0.73-0.87) |
| Male | 1.10 (0.94-1.28) | 1.06 (0.87-1.30) | 1.19 (1.12-1.27) | 1.08 (1.00-1.15) |
| Any cardiovascular comorbidities† | 1.14 (1.05-1.24) | 1.08 (0.97-1.20) | 1.41 (1.33-1.52) | 1.43 (1.33-1.54) |
| Other comorbidities† | ||||
| 0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 1.25 (1.02-1.53) | 1.09 (0.85-1.40) | 1.03 (0.95-1.11) | 1.03 (0.94-1.12) |
| 2 | 1.24 (0.99-1.57) | 1.07 (0.80-1.44) | 1.11 (1.02-1.21) | 1.15 (1.05-1.27) |
| 3 or more | 1.76 (1.41-2.21) | 1.79 (1.34-2.38) | 1.32 (1.21-1.44) | 1.49 (1.35-1.65) |
| Highest HbA1c (per 1% increase) | 0.90 (0.86-0.93) | 0.79 (0.78-0.81) | ||
| Highest systolic BP (per 10 mmHg increase) | 0.78 (0.74-0.82) | 0.85 (0.83-0.86) | ||
| Highest LDL cholesterol (per 10 mg/dL increase) | 0.96 (0.93-0.98) | 0.93 (0.92-0.94) | ||
| Insulin‡ | 0.38 (0.29-0.50) | 0.54 (0.49-0.59) | ||
| Oral hypoglycemic medication‡ | ||||
| 0 | Ref. | Ref | ||
| 1 | 1.20 (0.94-1.54) | 0.95 (0.88-1.02) | ||
| 2 or more | 0.60 (0.45-0.79) | 0.57 (0.52-0.63) | ||
| Any cholesterol medication‡ | 1.75 (1.38-2.22) | 1.80 (1.66-1.96) | ||
| Blood pressure medication‡ | ||||
| 0 | Ref. | Ref | ||
| 1 | 0.73 (0.50-1.05) | 0.90 (0.80-1.01) | ||
| 2 or more | 0.91 (0.64-1.31) | 0.98 (0.88-1.10) | ||
| Medication adherence for BP, oral hypoglycemic and cholesterol medication (per 10 percentage points) | 1.26 (1.20-1.32) | 1.14 (1.11-1.17) | ||
| Model discrimination (c-statistic) | 0.60 | 0.78 | 0.69 | 0.77 |
*
Model 1: Demographics and clinical diagnoses only; Model 2: Demographics, clinical diagnoses, medication adherence, number of medications, and severity of target conditions. All models adjusted for duration of observation and smoking status.
†
As measured using the Quan index.19
‡
Dispensed in the 90 days prior to the last clinical measurement of any of the three conditions.