Table 2.
Infant HIV-1 Infections According to Treatment Group.*
| Infection Status | Overall (N = 1684) | Zidovudine (N = 566) | Zidovudine plus Nevirapine (N = 562) | Zidovudine plus Nelfinavir and Lamivudine (N = 556) | P Value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infected in utero | |||||
| Infants — no. | 93 | 37 | 28 | 28 | |
| Kaplan–Meier rate — % (95% CI) | 5.7 (4.7–6.9) | 6.8 (5.0–9.3) | 5.1 (3.5–7.3) | 5.2 (3.6–7.4) | 0.24 |
| Infected during intrapartum period | |||||
| 4–6 wk | |||||
| Infants — no. | 32 | 17 | 8 | 7 | |
| Kaplan–Meier rate — % (95% CI) | 2.1 (1.5–3.0) | 3.4 (2.1–5.4) | 1.6 (0.8–3.1) | 1.4 (0.7–2.9) | 0.07 |
| 3 mo | |||||
| Infants — no. | 47 | 24 | 11 | 12 | |
| Kaplan–Meier rate — % (95% CI) | 3.2 (2.4–4.2) | 4.8 (3.2–7.1) | 2.2 (1.2–3.9) | 2.4 (1.4–4.3) | 0.046 |
| Infected in utero or during intrapartum period | |||||
| Infants — no. | 140 | 61 | 39 | 40 | |
| Kaplan–Meier rate — % (95% CI) | 8.5 (7.3–10.0) | 11.0 (8.7–14.0) | 7.1 (5.2–9.6) | 7.4 (5.4–9.9) | 0.03 |
| Uninfected — no. | 1447 | 474 | 490 | 483 | |
| Unknown — no. | 97 | 31 | 33 | 33 | |
*
Transmission rates and 95% confidence intervals were estimated on the basis of Kaplan–Meier curves for in utero, intrapartum, and overall transmission. Patients who died or were lost to follow-up were included in this analysis. Infants who were inadvertently enrolled were excluded from the analysis.
†
The P values for the pairwise comparisons were calculated with the use of Hochberg’s modified Bonferroni approach, with adjustment for two pairwise comparisons. The two pairwise comparisons were zidovudine versus zidovudine plus nevirapine and zidovudine versus zidovudine plus nelfinavir and lamivudine; because of the Hochberg adjustment, the P values were identical for the two comparisons.