Table 4.
Mutation | Overall | Zidovudine | Zidovudine plus Nevirapine | Zidovudine plus Nelfinavir and Lamivudine | P Value† |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
no. of infants/total no. (%) | |||||
NRTI-associated mutations | |||||
| |||||
In utero | 2/79 (2.5) | 0/32 | 0/23 | 2/24 (8.3) | 0.17 |
| |||||
Intrapartum | 1/41 (2.4) | 0/21 | 1/10 (10.0) | 0/10 | 0.49 |
| |||||
Overall | 3/120 (2.5) | 0/53 | 1/33 (3.0) | 2/34 (5.9) | 0.17 |
| |||||
PI-associated mutations | |||||
| |||||
In utero | 2/79 (2.5) | 0/32 | 0/23 | 2/24 (8.3) | 0.17 |
| |||||
Intrapartum | 0/41 | 0/21 | 0/10 | 0/10 | — |
| |||||
Overall | 2/120 (1.7) | 0/53 | 0/33 | 2/34 (5.9) | 0.15 |
| |||||
NNRTI-associated mutations | |||||
| |||||
In utero | 9/79 (11.4) | 2/32 (6.2) | 5/23 (21.7) | 2/24 (8.3) | 0.19 |
| |||||
Intrapartum | 3/41 (7.3) | 1/21 (4.8) | 1/10 (10.0) | 1/10 (10.0) | 1.00 |
| |||||
Overall | 12/120 (10.0) | 3/53 (5.7) | 6/33 (18.2) | 3/34 (8.8) | 0.15 |
| |||||
Any mutations associated with PIs, NNRTIs, or NRTIs | |||||
| |||||
In utero | 10/79 (12.7) | 2/32 (6.2) | 5/23 (21.7) | 3/24 (12.5) | 0.20 |
| |||||
Intrapartum | 4/41 (9.8) | 1/21 (4.8) | 2/10 (20.0) | 1/10 (10.0) | 0.53 |
| |||||
Overall | 14/120 (11.7) | 3/53 (5.7) | 7/33 (21.2) | 4/34 (11.8) | 0.09 |
Although 140 infants had HIV-1 infection, 20 did not have results from the ViroSeq assay owing to missing specimens or failure of the assay (i.e., the viral load was too low for amplification). The following mutations were considered clinically significant for resistance: D67G, L210W, T215S, K219E, D67 N, T215Y, K65R, K70R, and K219R for nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs); L10I, D30 N, A71V, and N88D for protease inhibitors (PIs); and Y181C, K103 N, V179E, E138K, V106A, V106 M, V181I, A98G, and V179D for nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Some infants had more than one mutation.
P values, which were calculated with the use of Fisher’s exact test, are for multiple comparisons.