. 2012 Nov 20;5(1):1–12. doi: 10.1007/s12560-012-9094-9

Table 1.

High pressure processing performed on viruses associated with bivalve shellfish or produce

Virus	Matrix	Contamination method	Pressure tested	Temp/time tested	Amount inactivation	Citations
HuNoV	Shucked oyster	Injection	400-MPa	6 °C 5-min	Some protection of volunteers (estimate of 3-log inactivated)	Leon et al. (2011)
HuNov	Shucked oyster	Injection	400-MPa	22 °C 5-min	No protection of volunteers	Leon et al. (2011)
HuNoV	Shucked oyster	Injection	600-MPa	6 °C 5-min	4-log₁₀ RT-PCR units	Leon et al. (2011)
MNV	Clams	Water uptake	300–500-MPa	10 °C 1-min	4-log₁₀ at 500-MPa	Arcangeli et al. (2012)
MNV	Shucked oysters	Water uptake	300–400-MPa	5 °C 5-min	>4-log₁₀ at 400-MPa	Kingsley et al. (2007)
MNV w/live mice	Oyster puree	Seeded	400-MPa	8 °C 5-min	Mice protected from 200 PFU	Gogal et al. (2011)
HAV	Shucked oysters	Water uptake	300–400-MPa	9 °C 3-min	>3-log₁₀ at 400-MPa	Calci et al. (2005)
HAV	Shucked blue mussels	Water uptake	300–400-MPa	18–22 °C 5-min	3.6 log₁₀ at 400-MPa	Terio et al. (2010)
HAV	Shucked med. mussels	Water uptake	300–400-MPa	18–22°C 5-min	2.9-log₁₀ at 400-MPa	Terio et al. (2010)
HAV	Whole in-shell oysters	Water uptake	300–400-MPa	20 °C 5-min	2.6 log₁₀ at 400-MPa	Kingsley et al. (2009)
HAV	Green onion slices	Overnight immersion	225–375-MPa	21 °C 5-min	4.75 log₁₀ at 375-MPa	Kingsley et al. (2005)
HAV	Strawberry	Puree (mixed as 4 parts strawberry: 1part HAV stock	225–375-MPa	21 °C 5-min	4.32 log₁₀ at 375-MPa	Kingsley et al. (2005)
MNV	Strawberry	Puree (mixed to 10⁷PFU/gram	350–450-MPa	4 °C 2-min	2.4 log₁₀ At 350-MPa	Lou et al. (2011)

HuNoV human norovirus, MNV murine norovirus, HAV hepatitis A virus