Table 1.
Use of proteomic techniques to evaluate genetically modified crops.
| Crop | Donor organism | Transgenic protein/gene | Traits | Tissues | Purpose | Proteomic approaches | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maize | Bacillus thuringiensis | CryIA(b)/cryIA(b) | Insect resistance | Seeds | Detection of unintended effects | 2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS | Albo et al., 2007 |
| Bacillus thuringiensis | CryIA(b)/cryIA(b) | Insect resistance | Seeds | Detection of unintended effects | 2-DE, nLC-ESI-IT MS/MS | Zolla et al., 2008 | |
| Bacillus thuringiensis | CryIA(b)/cryIA(b) | Insect resistance | Seeds | Detection of unintended effects | 2-DE, ESI-IT MS/MS | Coll et al., 2011 | |
| Bacillus thuringiensis | CryIA(b)/cryIA(b) | Insect resistance | Leaves | Detection of unintended effects | 2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS | Balsamo et al., 2011 | |
| Bacillus thuringiensis | CryIA(b)/cryIA(b) | Insect resistance | Seeds | Detection of unintended effects | 2-DE, no identification | Barros et al., 2010 | |
| Agrobacterium tumefaciens | CP4 EPSPS/cp4 epsps | Glyphosate tolerance | |||||
| Pea | Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) | α-amylase inhibitor-1/αai1 | Pea weevil resistance | Seeds | Detection of unintended effects | DIGE, ESI Q-TOF MS/MS | Islam et al., 2009 |
| Bean | α-amylase inhibitor-1/αai1 | Pea weevil resistance | Seeds | Detection of unintended effects | 2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS/MS | Chen et al., 2009 | |
| Potato | Potato | Antisense G1-1 gene/G1-1 | Sprouting delay | Tubers | Functional characterization of GM crops | MALDI-TOF MS | Careri et al., 2003 |
| Aureobasidium pullulans | Glucan branching enzyme/W2 | Waxy phenotype | Tubers | Detection of unintended effects | 2-DE, μLC-ESI-IT MS/MS, μLC-ESI-QqTOF MS/MS | Lehesranta et al., 2005 | |
| Potato | Glycoprotein/Mal1 | Changes in cell wall structure | |||||
| Potato | AdoMetDC/SamDC | Modified metabolism | |||||
| Tomato | Cathepsin D inhibitor/slcdi | n | Leaves | Functional characterization of GM crops | 2-DE, SELDI TOF MS | Goulet et al., 2010 | |
| Tomato | Cathepsin D inhibitor/slcdi | n | Tubers | Detection of unintended effects | 2-DE, LC-ESI-IT MS/MS | Khalf et al., 2010 | |
| Rice | Rice | YK1/YK1 | Several stress tolerance | Cultured cells | Functional characterization of GM crops | 2-DE, internal amino acid sequencing | Takahashi et al., 2005 |
| Human (Homo sapiens) | hGM-CSF/hgm-csf | hGM-CSF reactor | Seeds | Functional characterization of GM crops | iTRAQ, nLC ESI-QTOF MS/MS | Luo et al., 2009 | |
| Streptomyces hygroscopicus | PAT/bar | Herbicide resistance | Seeds | Detection of unintended effects | DIGE, MALDI-TOF MS | Gong et al., 2012 | |
| Bacillus thuringiensis/cowpea | CryIAc/cowpea trypsin inhibitor/cry1Ac/sck | Insect resistance | Seeds | ||||
| Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) | SSA/SSA | n | Seeds | Functional characterization of GM crops | 2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS | Islam et al., 2005 | |
| Rice | thaumatin-like protein/thaumatin-like gene | Bacterial blight disease resistance | Leafs | Functional characterization of GM crops | 2-DE, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, MALDI-TOF MS | Mahmood et al., 2009 | |
| Soybean | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | CP4 EPSPS/cp4 epsps | Glyphosate tolerance | Seeds | Optimization of parameters | 2-DE, MALDI-QTOF MS | Brandao et al., 2010 |
| Agrobacterium tumefaciens | CP4 EPSPS/cp4 epsps | Glyphosate tolerance | Seeds | Functional characterization of GM crops | 2-DE, DIGE, MALDI-QTOF MS, MALDI-QTOF MS/MS, ESI-QTOF MS/MS | Barbosa et al., 2012 | |
| Agrobacterium tumefaciens | CP4 EPSPS/cp4 epsps | Glyphosate tolerance | Seeds | Functional characterization of GM crops | 2-DE, LC-MS/MS | Batista et al., 2007 | |
| Tobacco | Arabidopsis thaliana | AdoMetDC/AdoMetDC | Perturbed polyamine metabolism | Leaves | Functional characterization of GM crops | 2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS, ESI-QTOF MS/MS | Franceschetti et al., 2004 |
| Tomato | Prosystemin/Prosystemin gene | Insect resistance | Leaves | Detection of unintended effects | 2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS, μLC-ESI-IT MS/MS | Rocco et al., 2008 | |
| n | ScFv B9/scFv B9 | Virus resistance | Leaves | Detection of unintended effects | DIGE, MALDI-TOF MS, μLC-ESI-IT MS/MS | Di Carli et al., 2009 | |
| Tomato | Tomato spotted wilt virus | TSWV nucleoprotein/TSWV-N | Virus resistance | Seeds | Detection of unintended effects | 2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS | Corpillo et al., 2004 |
| n | ScFv G4/scFv G4 | Virus resistance | Leaves | Detection of unintended effects | DIGE, MALDI-TOF MS, μLC-ESI-IT MS/MS | Di Carli et al., 2009 | |
| n | ScFv G4/scFv G4 | Virus resistance | Leaves | Functional characterization of GM crops | DIGE, μLC-ESI-IT MS/MS | Di Carli et al., 2010 | |
| Wheat | Tobacco | Rab-1/rab-1 | Improved functional properties | Seeds | Detection of unintended effects | 2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS, nESI-QqTOF MS/MS | Di Luccia et al., 2005 |
| Streptomyces hygroscopicus | PAT/bar | Herbicide resistance | Seeds | Functional characterization of GM crops | 2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS, MALDI-IT MS/MS | Horvath-Szanics et al., 2006 | |
| Wheat | LMW-GS/LMW-GS gene | Improved functional properties | Seeds | Functional characterization of GM crops | 2-DE, LC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS | Scossa et al., 2008 |
n, no information.