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. 2013 Feb 21;3(3):190–200. doi: 10.7150/thno.5825

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© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.

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Real-time monitoring of apoptosis induced by doxorubicin in vitro. 4T1 (A) and UM-SCC-22B (B) cells stably expressing cyclic firefly luciferase (denoted as 4T1-pcFluc-DEVD and 22B-pcFluc-DEVD respectively) were seeded in a 24-well plate and treated with doxorubicin (1 mg/L) for 3 h before washing the cells and changing the medium. At different time points after, BLI was performed to monitor the signal from the DEVD containing cyclic luciferase for apoptosis and the signal from wild-type luciferase for cell viability in parallel plates. The average fold increase of BLI signal was plotted against with the time after treatment started.