Table 1.

—Study Groups

Subject	Age, y (Sex)	FEV1 % Predicted	FEV1/FVC %	Clinical Dataa	Days on NIPPV/IPPV Prior to ECCO2R	Hours on ECCO2R	Clinical Effects During ECCO2R	Status 30 d Post-ECCO2R
Group 1: Failing NIPPV
1	76 (F)	…	…	Stage IV COPD, obesity, OSA, renal insufficiency	2	78	↓PaCO2 ↓ dyspnea, remained on NIPPV	Died day 26: septic shock
2	69 (F)	38	50	Stage III COPD, no known comorbidities	4 h	66	↓PaCO2 ↓dyspnea cessation of NIPPV support	On nocturnal NIPPV
3	68 (F)	18	27	Stage IV COPD with bilateral lower-lobe emphysema	7	142	↓PaCO2 ↓dyspnea ↓NIPPV support	Died, day 1: cardiopulmonary arrest
4	72(M)	21	34	Stage IV COPD, LTOT > 2 y, bilateral LVRS 1 y	16	160	↓PaCO2 ↓dyspnea	Died, day 10: respiratory failure, refused intubation
5	49 (M)	14	20	Stage IV COPD, resection bulla right upper lobe 1991, on lung transplant list 2 y	4	140	↓PaCO2 ↓dyspnea ↓NIPPV support	Bilateral lung transplant day 31
6	50 (F)	…	…	Stage IV COPD, atypical mycobacterial infection (on antimicrobial therapy since 2009)	3	0.2	Catheter clotted, insufficient anticoagulation	On NIPPV
7	78 (M)	38	39	Stage III COPD, LTOT 1 y	1	41	↓PaCO2 ECCO2R stopped because of ↓blood flow	Died, day 7: pneumonia, sepsis
Group 2: Unable to  wean from NIPPV
1	78 (M)	22	30	Stage IV COPD, right lung lobectomy 1998, polycystic kidney disease	1	48	↓PaCO2 ↓dyspnea, stopped NIPPV	On intermittent NIPPV
2	59 (F)	18	53	Stage IV COPD, pulmonary hypertension LTOT 5 y, bilateral upper lobe endoscopic LVRS 2 y, compete endoscopic closure of right upper lobe 1 y	7	192	↓PaCO2 ↓dyspnea,↓NIPPV support	On intermittent NIPPV
Group 3: Unable to wean  from IPPV
1	66 (M)	19	32	Stage IV COPD, LTOT 2 y, nocturnal NIPPV 1 y, endoscopic LVRS 4 y	9	168	↓PaCO2 extubated day 2, reintubated after 37 h, tracheostomized and placed on NIPPV	On nocturnal NIPPV
2	64 (M)	13	28	Stage IV COPD, bullous emphysema, bilateral LVRS 2 y, on NIPPV 2 y, LTOT 2 y	4	177	Extubated in 3 h; reintubated after 94 h, then extubated	On intermittent NIPPV
3	61 (F)	28	31	Stage IV COPD, on lung transplant list since 2007	15	95	↓PaCO2; remained on IPPV; ECCO2R discontinued because of coagulopathy (von Willebrand disease)	Died, day 17: pneumonia, septic shock
4	64 (F)	…	…	…	30	3	Vascular perforation during catheter placement	Died while on Hemolung at approximately 3 h
5	61 (M)	45	60	Stage III COPD, OSA on home NIPPV, myelodysplastic syndrome, cardiac arrest 1 mo prior, tracheostomy 18 d prior	30	79	↓PaCO2 ↓dyspnea; spontaneous breathing	Extubated; on intermittent NIPPV
6	55 (F)	…	…	Stage III COPD, anxiety-panic disorder, hypertension, tracheostomy 10 d prior	17	168	↓PaCO2 ↓dyspnea, ↓ventilator support	Continued IPPV with ↓ventilator support
7	73 (M)	…	…	Stage IV COPD, LTOT, hypertension, tracheostomy 2 mo prior	27	42	↓PaCO2 ↓ventilator support	Continued IPPV with ↓ventilator support
8	46 (F)	12	52	Stage IV COPD, obesity, LTOT 10 y, on NIPPV 3 y	22	168	↓PaCO2; remained on IPPV	Died, day 26: abdominal sepsis, respiratory failure
9	70 (M)	…	…	Stage IV COPD, Cor Pulmonale	62	118	↓PaCO2; remained on IPPV; panic/anxiety attacks requiring sedation	Continued IPPV
10	67 (M)	28	45	Stage IV COPD	15	74	↓PaCO2; ↓ ventilator support; ↓blood flow due to inadequate anticoagulation	Died, day 21: pneumonia, respiratory failure
11	71 (M)	16	34	Stage IV COPD, hypertension	72	129	↓PaCO2 ↓dyspnea, extubated; reintubated day 4	Continued IPPV with ↓ventilator support

ECCO₂R = extracorporeal CO₂ removal; F = female; IPPV = invasive positive pressure ventilation; LTOT = long-term oxygen therapy; LVRS = lung volume reduction; M = male; NIPPV = noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea.

^aCOPD stages based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.¹⁶