Table 1.

Articles meeting selection criteria for inclusion

Reference	Terminology used	Definition	Country	Setting	Health area	Team members
Atwal and Caldwell24	Multidisciplinary	Team members “having different professional backgrounds but who make complementary contributions to patient care”	UK	Acute care – hospital wards	Elder care Orthopedics Acute medicine	Doctor, nurse, occupational therapist, physiotherapist, and social worker
Black11	Interdisciplinary	Team members “[interact] to produce a final outcome on behalf of patients”	USA	Hospital – private, not-for-profit	Elder care	Medicine, nursing, and social work
Chan et al27	Multidisciplinary	“Team care coordinated by a leader who takes responsibility for overall patient care. Members contribute views and recommendations according to their particular expertise, which may be integrated by the leader”	Australia	General practice and community health care	Chronic disease	General practitioners and allied health providers including podiatrists, optometrists, diabetes educators, dietitians, cardiac rehabilitation workers, exercise physiologists, and psychologists
Cioffi et al28	Multidisciplinary	Use the definition provided by Schofield and Amodeo19: “a number of individuals from various disciplines [who] are involved in a project but work independently”	Australia	Community health care	Chronic disease	Community nurses, occupational therapist, physiotherapist, and social workers
Delva et al31	Interdisciplinary	“Groups of professionals who work collaboratively to develop processes and plans for patients”	Canada	University primary care teaching practice	Primary care	Teaching teams consisting of physicians, nurses, resident physicians, receptionist, secretaries, nutritionists, social workers, and administrative staff
Gibbon et al25	Interprofessional	“‘Processes’ of intervention”	UK	Hospital – stroke rehabilitation units	Stroke patients	Nurses, doctors, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists, social workers, and clinical psychologist
	Multiprofessional	“The ‘structural’ components of a team”	UK	Hospital – stroke rehabilitation units	Stroke patients	Nurses, doctors, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists, social workers, and clinical psychologist
Goldsmith et al29	Interdisciplinary	“Collaboration among health care providers with specialized knowledge from multiple disciplines”	USA	Veterans Affairs hospital	Geriatric and palliative care	Social worker, chaplain, psychologist, nurse, and doctors
Haggerty et al33	Multidisciplinary	“Practitioners from various health disciplines collaborate in providing ongoing health care”	Canada	Community	Primary health care	Study based on Canadian primary health care experts: family physicians, nurses, academics, and decision makers
Kim et al60	Multidisciplinary	Specific to primary health care the authors define multidisciplinary as “PHC [primary health care] delivered by health professionals from multiple disciplines, including nurses, physicians, dentists, and public health doctors”	Korea	Nursing faculty and primary health care	Primary health care	Nurse, physician, social workers, and dentists
Kuder et al30	Interdisciplinary	“A team integrates its various disciplinary perspectives and maintains a network of cooperation and communication”	USA	Rural geriatric health care	Gerontology	Physician, nurse practitioner or physician assistant, pharmacist, and social worker
Kvarnström26	Interprofessional	“‘Inter’ relates to the dimension of collaboration […] ‘profession’ […] differentiates from the term ‘discipline’ in the sense that disciplines may be regarded as academic disciplines as well as sub-specialities within professions”	Sweden	Swedish local health care settings	Primary care, psychiatric care, geriatric care, rehabilitation	Occupational therapist, registered nurse, physiotherapist, medical social worker, administrative assistant, physician, practical nurse, psychologist, and speech therapist
Mills et al35	Interprofessional	“Teams work jointly to provide health care, where each member of the team contributes within the context of his or her profession”	Australia	Remote or isolated	Primary health care	Medical officers, specialist nurses, indigenous health workers, local indigenous health service managers, distant health service managers, and allied health professionals
Molleman et al36	Multidisciplinary	“Care providers with a range of occupational backgrounds collectively discussing a patient leading to collective decision-making and action”	Holland	N/A – survey distributed to medical specialists (nonspecific to setting)	Oncology and geriatrics	Geriatric team: head of geriatric department, clinical geriatrician, geriatrician internist, resident internal medicine specialist, psychiatrist, neurologist, social worker, specialized nurses, and psychologist Oncology team: intern oncologist, hematologist, specialized nurse, internal medicine resident, radiotherapist, social worker, dietitian, physiotherapist, mental care assistant, clinical chemist, pharmacist, and microbiologist
Molleman et al44	Multidisciplinary	Use the terminology in the context of medical teamwork: “work arrangement in which physicians from different medical specialities regularly meet to share, weigh and synthesize information concerning individual patients from a specific patient group, and where they, at least to some extent, collectively make decisions about diagnoses and treatment”	Holland	Hospital	Medical specialties	Physicians from different medical specialties
Shaw32	Interprofessional	Use the definition provided by D’Amour and Oandasan33: “The development of cohesive practice between professionals from different disciplines […] it involves continuous interaction and knowledge sharing between professionals […] all while seeking to optimize the patient’s participation”	Canada	Family health center in an urban teaching hospital	Primary care	Nurse, family physician, family medicine residents, dietitian, and pharmacist
Solheim et al23	Multidisciplinary	“Members maintain discipline-specific roles”	USA	Community	Primary health care	Nurse (nurse participants identified physicians and social workers as collaborators in team-based primary health care)
Spencer and Cooper45	Multidisciplinary	“Interdependency with other professionals and being able to combine perceptions and skills to synthesise a more complex and comprehensive plan of care”	UK	Hospital	Type 1 diabetes	General pediatric consultant, specialist nurse, specialist dietitian, and general psychologist

Notes: Primary care draws from the biomedical model. It is a person’s first point of entry into the health system. Primary health care draws from the social model of health. It considers that people’s basic needs must first be met in order for health gain to occur.⁵⁹

Abbreviation: N/A, not applicable.