Table 2. Demographics and descriptive RVP analysis for HC and AD groups, with ANCOVA and ROC analysis.
| Healthy control | Alzheimer's disease | P-value | FDR adj. P | ROC: AUC% (s.d.%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants (N) | 123 | 25 | |||
| Age: years (mean (s.d.)) | 71.6 (5.6) | 72.4 (7.5) | 0.557a | ||
| Gender; Males: (N (%)) | 55 (45) | 12 (48) | 0.764b | ||
| Hypertension: (N (%)) | 44 (36) | 11 (44) | 0.439b | ||
| Diabetes: (N(%)) | 6 (5) | 2 (8) | 0.533b | ||
| History of Smoking: (N(%)) | 5 (4) | 2 (8) | 0.407b | ||
| APOE ε4 Carrier: (N (%)) | 38 (31) | 14 (56) | 0.019b | ||
| CRVE (mean (s.d.)) | 182.7 (15.8) | 169.7 (15.3) | 0.000256c | 0.0049d | 0.703 (0.067) |
| FDv (mean (s.d.)) | 1.210 (0.05) | 1.171 (0.048) | 0.000350c | 0.0033d | 0.716 (0.074) |
| BSTDa (mean (s.d.)) | 4.101 (0.504) | 4.538 (0.984) | 0.00135c | 0.0086d | 0.595 (0.070) |
| BSTDv (mean (s.d.)) | 3.983 (0.575) | 4.433 (1.333) | 0.00188c | 0.0089d | 0.541 (0.081) |
| Num1stBv (mean (s.d.)) | 3.618 (1.052) | 2.960 (1.136) | 0.00560c | 0.021d | 0.660 (0.121) |
| Num1stBa (mean (s.d.)) | 3.675 (1.075) | 3.040 (0.978) | 0.00710c | 0.022d | 0.675 (0.142) |
| FDa (mean (s.d.)) | 1.235 (0.052) | 1.201 (0.061) | 0.00799c | 0.021d | 0.644 (0.075) |
| CRAE (mean (s.d.) | 129.1 (10.3) | 122.9 (12.4) | 0.0115c | 0.027d | 0.612 (0.082) |
| AFa (mean (s.d.)) | 0.778 (0.086) | 0.824 (0.081) | 0.0176c | 0.037d | 0.578 (0.081) |
| BCv (mean (s.d.)) | 1.253 (0.165) | 1.347 (0.240) | 0.0186c | 0.035d | 0.556 (0.084) |
| Tortv ( × 10−5) (mean (s.d.)) | 7.660 (1.554) | 6.952 (2.601) | 0.0244c | 0.042d | 0.706 (0.073) |
| AFv (mean (s.d.)) | 0.701 (0.097) | 0.748 (0.095) | 0.0301c | 0.047d | 0.616 (0.074) |
| LDRa (mean (s.d.)) | 17.05 (7.87) | 21.72 (9.55) | 0.0333c | 0.049d | 0.651 (0.068) |
| JEv (mean (s.d.)) | −0.110 (0.378) | −0.272 (0.338) | 0.0483c | 0.066d | 0.539 (0.074) |
Only RVPs that were significantly different between groups (P<0.05) in ANCOVA analysis are shown. Significant results after FDR adjustment shown in bold type.
Classification accuracy of RVP parameters from ROC analysis, AUC (area under the curve): AUC=0.5 implies random separation of groups, AUC=1.0 implies perfect separation.
Refer to Table 1 for a description of the retinal vascular parameters.APOE ε4 carrier status refers to carrier/non-carrier of an Apolipoprotein E e4 allele.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the continuous age demographic variable (P<0.05 considered significant).
χ2 test for categorical demographic variables (gender, hypertension, diabetes, smoking status and APOE ε4 carrier status) (P<0.05 considered significant).
P-value from ANCOVA analysis of differences between groups (including confounders).
ANCOVA P-values adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR) (P<0.05 considered significant).