Table 4.
Free amino acid and total amino acid composition of BCs and EHBCs (g/100 g) and the EAA score compared with the FAO/WHO reference protein.
| Free amino acid | Total amino acid | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amino Acids | BCs | EHBCs | BCs | EHBCs | ||
| Lysine | — | 4.26 ± 0.05 | 8.16 ± 0.10 | 5.07 ± 0.08 | ||
| Methionine | 0.19 ± 0.00 | 1.09 ± 0.06 | 0.77 ± 0.05 | 0.49 ± 0.02 | ||
| Threonine | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 1.28 ± 0.06 | 3.00 ± 0.05 | 1.92 ± 0.02 | ||
| Arginine | — | 3.08 ± 0.04 | 4.21 ± 0.11 | 2.79 ± 0.06 | ||
| Histidine | — | 2.84 ± 0.05 | 7.21 ± 0.09 | 4.12 ± 0.06 | ||
| Isoleucine | — | — | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | ||
| Leucine | — | 6.52 ± 0.05 | 15.49 ± 0.20 | 9.90 ± 0.08 | ||
| Phenylalanine | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 4.48 ± 0.04 | 6.68 ± 0.17 | 4.46 ± 0.06 | ||
| Valine | — | 1.38 ± 0.06 | 7.45 ± 0.25 | 4.97 ± 0.05 | ||
| Tryptophan | — | — | — | — | ||
| Serine | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.56 ± 0.03 | 4.30 ± 0.12 | 2.33 ± 0.07 | ||
| Glutamic acid | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 1.36 ± 0.04 | 8.06 ± 0.10 | 6.03 ± 0.05 | ||
| Glycine | 0.33 ± 0.01 | 1.42 ± 0.04 | 4.52 ± 0.10 | 3.25 ± 0.05 | ||
| Proline | — | 1.18 ± 0.03 | 3.17 ± 0.09 | 2.27 ± 0.07 | ||
| Cystine | 0.11 ± 0.00 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.03 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | ||
| Aspartic acid | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 1.34 ± 0.02 | 11.32 ± 0.54 | 7.81 ± 0.09 | ||
| Alanine | — | 2.99 ± 0.04 | 7.73 ± 0.08 | 5.46 ± 0.06 | ||
| Tyrosine | — | 1.21 ± 0.01 | 1.35 ± 0.05 | 0.85 ± 0.05 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Total | 0.85 ± 0.02 | 35.24 ± 0.13 | 93.91 ± 0.06 | 62.08 ± 0.05 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Amino acid | EAA Score | |||||
| Reference protein 1a |
Reference protein 2b |
RP1c | RP2d | |||
| BCs | EHBCs | BCs | EHBCs | |||
|
| ||||||
| Lysine | 5.80 | 5.25 | 1.41 ± 0.02 | 0.87 ± 0.02 | 1.55 ± 0.02 | 0.97 ± 0.02 |
| Threonine | 3.40 | 3.90 | 0.88 ± 0.02 | 0.56 ± 0.01 | 0.77 ± 0.01 | 0.49 ± 0.01 |
| Valine | 3.50 | 3.60 | 2.13 ± 0.07 | 1.42 ± 0.01 | 2.07 ± 0.07 | 1.38 ± 0.01 |
| Isoleucine | 2.80 | 2.90 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 |
| Leucine | 6.60 | 5.20 | 2.35 ± 0.03 | 1.50 ± 0.01 | 2.98 ± 0.04 | 1.90 ± 0.02 |
| Phenylalanine and tyrosine | 6.30 | 4.85 | 1.27 ± 0.04 | 0.84 ± 0.00 | 1.66 ± 0.05 | 1.09 ± 0.01 |
| Tryptophan | 1.10 | 0.95 | — | — | — | — |
| Methionine and cystine | 2.50 | 3.00 | 0.43 ± 0.03 | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 0.36 ± 0.03 | 0.21 ± 0.01 |
| Histidine | 1.90 | 1.65 | 3.79 ± 0.05 | 2.17 ± 0.03 | 4.37 ± 0.05 | 2.50 ± 0.04 |
| Arginine | — | 2.10 | — | — | 2.00 ± 0.06 | 1.33 ± 0.03 |
aSuggested profile of essential amino acid requirements for adults (FAO/WHO, 1991) [27].
bEssential amino acid requirements of the common pig (3–10 kg) according to the NRC (1998) [28].
cChemical score calculated using the FAO/WHO reference protein as the base.
dChemical score calculated using the amino acid requirements as per the NRC (1998) [28].