Table 1.

Chemical screening for identification and indication of main chemical constituents of crude extract from propolis.

Analysis	Propolis extract
Cyanogenic heterosides	Absent
Phenols and tannins	Present
Anthocyanins and anthocyanidins	Absent
Flavones, flavonols, and xanthones	Present
Chalcones and aurones	Absent
Leucoanthocyanidins	Absent
Catechins	Absent
Flavanones	Present
Flavonols, flavanones, and/or xanthones	Present
Steroids and triterpenoids	Absent
Saponins	Absent
Strong fixed acids	Absent
Resins	Present
Alkaloids	Absent
Quaternary compounds	Absent
Quinones	Absent
Flavonoids aglycones	Absent
Steroid aglycone triterpenoids	Absent

Notes: present, positive reaction; absent, negative reaction.