Skip to main content
. 2013 Mar 7;8(3):e57725. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057725

Table 1. Local Mental Health Syndromes.

Name Defining symptoms Similar DSM-IV syndrome
Guhangayika ▪ State of constant worry or stress Generalized anxiety disorder [300.02]
▪ Person is never at ease
▪ Overthinking of problems without being able to find a solution
▪ Unwillingness to interact with others
Agahinda kenshi ▪ State of persistent sadness or sorrow Dysthymia [300.4]- Major depressive disorder [296.3]
▪ Loneliness
▪ Unhappiness and low morale
▪ Crying
Kwiheba ▪ Severe hopelessness Severe Major depressive disorder [296.3]
▪ Suicidal ideation
▪ Feeling that life is meaningless; pessimistic
▪ Uninterested in interpersonal interactions
Umushiha ▪ Persistent irritability or anger Severe Mood Disregulation [Proposed for DSM 5]
▪ Grouchiness; rudeness
▪ Prone to quarreling