FIGURE 6.

Malic acid reduces generation of ROS in nickel-treated Alyssum roots. A, intracellular ROS production was monitored with H₂DCFDA in control and treated roots and compared with ROS generated in the roots preincubated with malic acid (MA). Images were acquired using identical parameters on a Zeiss Meta 510 confocal microscope using a ×10 objective; post-processing and analysis was done with ImageJ. Scale bar = 50 μm. B, quantization of fluorescence from images by using ImageJ. RFU, relative fluorescence unit. Significant differences among the treatments at p < 0.05 were determined by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey-Kramer test (α = 0.5) and are indicated by different letters.