Table I. Potential biomarkers identified in HCV-infected tree shrews in positive and negative mode.

Number	Rate (min)	m/z, determined	m/z, calculated	Error (ppm)	Ion form	Molecular formula	Metabolite name	VIP value	Trend	p value
1	4.65	520.3392	520.3403	−2.1	[M+H]+	C26H50NO7P	LysoPC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/0:0)	14.3	↓	0.00
2	4.52	520.3390	520.3403	−2.5	[M+H]+	C26H50NO7P	LysoPC(0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))	7.3	↓	0.00
3	4.93	991.6738	991.6728	1.0	[2 m+H]+	C24H50NO7P	LysoPC(0:0/16:0)	11.5	↑	0.00
4	4.76	496.3409	496.3403	1.2	[M+H]+	C24H50NO7P	LysoPC(16:0/0:0)	8.5	↑	0.00
5	6.02	524.3699	524.3716	−3.2	[M+H]+	C26H54NO7P	LysoPC(18:0/0:0)	9.6	↑	0.00
6	5.77	524.3732	524.3716	3.1	[M+H]+	C26H54NO7P	LysoPC(0:0/18:0)	6.8	↑	0.01
7	1.41	188.0713	118.0712	0.5	[M+H]+	C11H9NO2	Indoleacrylic acid	5.1	↓	0.01
8	2.15	286.2013	286.2018	−1.7	[M+H]+	C15H27NO4	2-octenoylcarnitine	5.0	↑	0.01
9	2.35	300.2160	300.2175	−5.0	[M+H]+	C16H29NO4	2-nonenoylcarnitine	4.1	↑	0.01
10	1.94	270.0788	270.0800	−4.4	[M+H]+	C12H15NO4S	Unknown	5.4	↓	0.01
11	5.44	508.3661	508.3672	−2.2	[M+H]+	C26H54NO6P	LysoPC(P-18:0)	3.9	↑	0.01
12	4.88	454.2926	454.2934	−1.8	[M+H]+	C21H44NO7P	LysoPE(16:0)	3.9	↑	0.01
13	5.96	482.3231	482.3247	−3.4	[M+H]+	C23H48NO7P	LysoPE(18:0)	3.7	↑	0.01
14	4.63	568.3416	568.3403	2.2	[M+H]+	C30H50NO7P	LysoPC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))	3.6	↑	0.01
15	4.24	518.3245	518.3247	−0.4	[M+H]+	C26H48NO7P	LysoPC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))	3.4	↓	0.02
16	2.55	314.2337	314.2331	1.9	[M+H]+	C17H31NO4	9-decenoylcarnitine	3.0	↑	0.02
17	2.39	312.2161	312.2175	−4.5	[M+H]+	C17H29NO4	2-trans,4-cis-decadienoylcarnitine	2.9	↑	0.02
18	4.61	478.2950	478.2934	3.3	[M+H]+	C23H44NO7P	LysoPE(18:2(9Z,12Z))	2.6	↓	0.02
19	3.60	358.2963	358.2957	1.7	[M+H]+	C20H39NO4	Unknown	2.6	↑	0.02
20	5.71	482.3248	482.3247	0.2	[M+H]+	C23H48NO7P	LysoPE(18:0)	2.5	↑	0.02
21	6.42	510.3928	510.3924	0.8	[M+H]+	C26H56NO6P	LysoPC(O-18:0)	2.5	↑	0.03
22	2.94	464.2811	464.2801	2.2	[M+H]+	C29H37NO4	Unknown	6.0	↓	0.03
23	2.28	464.2802	464.2801	0.2	[M+H]+	C29H37NO4	Unknown	4.2	↓	0.03
24	4.13	468.3113	468.3090	4.9	[M+H]+	C22H46NO7P	LysoPC(14:0)	2.1	↑	0.04
25	2.30	288.2174	288.2175	−0.3	[M+H]+	C15H29NO4	l-octanoylcarnitine	2.1	↑	0.04
26	2.24	245.0493	245.0484	3.7	[M−H]−	C10H14O5S	Unknown	6.5	↑	0.00
27	7.60	327.2339	327.2324	4.6	[M−H]−	C22H32O2	Docosahexanoic acid	2.8	↑	0.00
28	4.87	452.2791	452.2777	3.1	[M−H]−	C21H44NO7P	LysoPE(16:0)	4.5	↑	0.00
29	7.82	303.2310	303.2324	−4.6	[M−H]−	C20H32O2	Arachidonic acid	3.8	↑	0.01
30	6.00	568.3594	568.3614	−3.5	[M−HCOO]−	C26H54NO7P	LysoPC(18:0)	2.9	↑	0.01
31	5.44	552.3693	552.3670	4.2	[M−HCOO]−	C26H54NO6P	LysoPC(P-18:0)	2.1	↑	0.01
32	5.93	480.3078	480.3090	−2.5	[M−H]−	C23H48NO7P	LysoPE(18:0)	4.5	↑	0.02
33	4.13	512.2972	512.2993	−3.1	[M−HCOO]−	C22H46NO7P	LysoPC(14:0)	2.2	↑	0.02
34	2.28	674.3250	674.3210	5.9	[M−H]−	C32H53NO12PS	Taurodeoxycholic acid glucuronide	4.7	↓	0.02
35	2.94	498.2899	498.2889	2.0	[M−H]−	C26H45NO6S	Taurodeoxycholic acid	6.5	↓	0.02
36	3.09	498.2917	498.2889	5.6	[M−H]−	C26H45NO6S	Tauroursodeoxycholic acid	3.0	↓	0.02
37	2.55	514.2844	514.2839	1.0	[M−H]−	C26H45NO7S	Taurocholic acid	5.4	↓	0.03
38	1.95	268.0636	268.0644	−3.0	[M−H]−	C12H15NO4S	Unknown	3.3	↓	0.03