Table 3.

Summary of microscopy-negative, PCR-positive specimens in the clinical study^a

Patient no. (n = 16)	Clinical specimen	Fungal species identified by broad-range PCR	Fungal culture result	GM-EIAb result from serum/BAL fluid	Primary antifungal treatment	Fungus observed by culture in various other body sites	EORTC/MSG criteria
1	BAL fluid	A. flavus	A. flavus	+	Voriconazole		Probable IFI
2	Biopsy	A. fumigatus	Neg	+/++	L-AMB		Probable IFI
3	Biopsy	A. terreus	Neg	Neg	Voriconazole	A. terreus (nose, throat)	Probable IFI
4	Biopsy	Rhizomucor spp.	Rhizomucor sp.	Neg	L-AMB, voriconazole	Rhizopus sp. (wound)	Proven IFI
5	BAL fluid	A. terreus	Neg	+	Voriconazole		Probable IFI
6	BAL fluid	L. corymbifera	Neg	Neg	Voriconazole		Possible IFI
7	BAL fluid	A. fumigatus	A. fumigatus (previous BAL fluid samples)	Not done	L-AMB		Probable IFI
8	BAL fluid	Penicillium sp.	Penicillium sp.	Neg	Caspofungin, voriconazole	Penicillium sp. (subsequent 2nd and 3rd BAL fluid samples)	Probable IFI
9	Autopsy (lung)	A. fumigatus	A. fumigatus, A. terreus	+/++	Voriconazole	A. fumigatus, A. terreus	Proven IFI
10	Autopsy (muscle)	Mucor sp.	Neg	Not done	Voriconazole, L-AMB	Mucor sp. (wound, lung)	Proven IFI
11	Tissue	L. corymbifera	Neg	Not done	L-AMB		Possible IFI
12	Tissue	C. albicans	Neg	Neg	Anidulafungin		Possible IFI
13	Tissue	C. albicans	Neg	Neg	Voriconazole		Possible IFI
14	Fluid	A. fumigatus	Neg	+/++	Caspofungin	A. fumigatus (sputum, 3 times)	Probable IFI
15	CNS	C. albicans	Neg	Not done	Caspofungin	C. albicans	Possible IFI
16	CNS	A. flavus	Neg	+/++c	L-AMB	A. fumigatus (previous samples)	Probable IFI

^aCT, computed tomography; GM-EIA, galactomannan enzyme immunoassay; L-AMB, liposomal amphotericin B; IFI, invasive fungal infections; Neg, negative.

^bFor several patients, GM-EIA was performed with either serum (+) or BAL fluid (++), or both serum/BAL fluid, unless indicated otherwise.

^cThe results are for serum (+)/CNS (++).