Table 2.
Blood loss data from studies on anterior spinal fusions for AIS. TSHR Texas Scottish Rite Hospital (instrumentation), C-D Cotrel-Duboussett
| Study [reference] (date of publication) / (date(s) of surgery) | Estimated blood loss (EBL) (ml) [mean (range)] | Number of procedures | Technique | Estimated blood loss / individual vertebral level in fusion (ml) (EBL/# levels=) | Estimated blood loss / total blood volume | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moskowitz, Trommanhauser [49] (1993)/(1983–1989) | 330 | 13 | Zielke, rib graft | 330/4.4=75 | - | - |
| Bernstein, Hall [9] (1998)/(1990–1993) | 344 | 17 | TSRH (anterior) | 344/3.4=101 | - | - |
| Turi et al. [69] (1993)/ | 401 (100–800) | 14 | TSRH (anterior), rib graft | 401/5=80 | - | - |
| Newton et al. [52] (2003)/(1991–2001) | 424 (+/− 302) | 38 | Thoracoscopic anterior instrumentation Isolated structural thoracic curves-Lenke IA, IB, IC | 424/7=61 | - | An earlier study compared thorascopic anterior release and fusion (EBL 235 ml) with fusion by open thoracotomy (EBL 270 ml) (reference 53) |
| 551 (+/- 363) | 68 | Anterior open instrumentation (Depuy-Acro Med Harms Study group) | - | - | ||
| Bullman et al. [14] 2003/ | 437 (+/− 221; 100–1000) | 45 | Anterior dual rod Halm-Zielke | 437/4.7=93 | - | - |
| Bitan et al. [11] 2003/ | 505 (150–1000) | 24 | TSRH, Moss-Miami and C-D Horizon rib graft | 505/2.9=174 | - | - |
| Majad et al. [44] (2000)/ | 590 (250–950) | 22 | TSRH, Moss-Miami, Isola/rod (3–11 levels fused) | - | - | - |
| Lowe, Peters [43] 1993/ | 610 | 36 | Zielke, rib graft | 610/4.5=136 | - | - |
| Hopf et al. [35] 1997/(1992–1994) | 630 (400–1200) | 16 | C+D - Hopf anterior system | - | - | - |
| Kaneda et al. [37] 1997/(1992–1994) | 650 | 20 | Kaneda anterior spinal system | 650/7.5=87 | - | - |
| Betz et al. [10] (1999)/(1991–) | 956 (+/− 857) | 78 | Flexible rods (Harms-Moss, DuPuy-Motech-Acromed) | - | - | - |
| Hsu et al. [36] (1982)/ | 1645 (440–3400) | 28 | Dwyer | 1645/4.7=350 | - | - |