Table 6.

Blood loss data from studies on spinal muscular atrophy and myelomeningocoele. C-D-Hopf Cotrel-Dubousset-Hopf instrumentation, H-rod Harrington rod

Study [reference] (date of publication) / (date(s) of surgery)	Estimated blood loss (EBL) (ml) [mean (range)]	Number of procedures	Technique	Estimated blood loss / individual vertebral level in fusion (ml) (EBL/#levels=)	Estimated blood loss / total blood volume	Comments
Noordeen et al. [54] (1999)/(1983–1993)	1437 (350–3500)	26	Luque and Harrington-Luque	1437/14=103	-	Spinal muscular atrophy cases
Basobas et al. [4] (2003)/(1988–)	539 (175–1000)	21	Moss-Miami (15), Zielke (4), others (2)	539/5.5=98	-	12/21 myelo-meningocoele
Hopf et al. [35] (1997)/(1992–1994)	800 (350–2500)	16	C-D-Hopf	800/4.7=170	-	Posterior fusion also done in all myelo-meningoceole patients
Osebold et al. [55] (1982)/(1960–1979)	1960 (550–3250)	13	Posterior fusion without instrumentation	1960/9=218	-
	1729 (50–6500)	13 Patients (27 procedures)	Posterior fusion with H-rod instrumentation; 22/27 autogenous bone	1729/10=173	-
	2134 (245–4500)	3	Anterior fusion without instrumentation and posterior H-rod fusion; 2 allograft, 1 autograft	-	-	Blood loss levels for combined surgery, not separated by site
	1841 (100–5200)	17 Patients (40 procedures)	Anterior fusion with Dwyer or Zielke; posterior H-rod fusion; 10 allograft, 7 autograft	-	-