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Ion concentrations (mM). These concentrations give rise to the following Nernst potentials (mV) between cytoplasm and extracellular fluid: EK = −177, ENa = −99, ECa = +58, ECl = +100.
| [K+] | [Na+] | [Ca2+] | [Cl−] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pond water | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
| Cytoplasm | 110.0 | 5.0 | 0.001 | 22.0 |
| Vacuole | 34.0 | 103.0 | 12.0 | 162.0 |
